中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (22): 5639-5649.doi: 10.12307/2026.170

• 骨组织构建 bone tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

胫骨横向骨搬移加速2型糖尿病模型兔足溃疡愈合:环状RNA的参与和调控

孙祖延,黄文良,徐  林,李豪杰,谢同亮,杨治航,邓  江   

  1. 遵义医科大学第三附属医院(遵义市第一人民医院),贵州省遵义市   563000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26 接受日期:2025-09-21 出版日期:2026-08-08 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 邓江,博士生导师,主任医师,遵义医科大学第三附属医院(遵义市第一人民医院),贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:孙祖延,男,1991年生,贵州省遵义市人,汉族,遵义医科大学骨科学在读硕士,主要从事骨科疾病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般387),项目负责人:黄文良;遵义市科技计划课题[遵市科合HZ字(2020)109号],项目负责人:徐林;贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果-LC[2024]019),项目负责人:黄文良

Transverse tibial bone transfer accelerates healing of foot ulcers in a rabbit model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: involvement and regulation of circular RNA

Sun Zuyan, Huang Wenliang, Xu Lin, Li Haojie, Xie Tongliang, Yang Zhihang, Deng Jiang   

  1. Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China

  • Received:2025-05-26 Accepted:2025-09-21 Online:2026-08-08 Published:2025-12-25
  • Contact: Deng Jiang, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Sun Zuyan, MS candidate, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project, No. Qian Ke He Ji Chu-ZK[2021] General 387 (to HWL);  
    Science and Technology Plan Project of Zunyi, No. Zun Shi Ke He HZ(2020)109 (to XL); Guizhou Province Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province, No. Qian Ke He Chengguo-LC [2024] 019 (to HWL)

摘要:

文题释义:
胫骨横向骨搬移:是指俄罗斯医学专家 Ilizarov 创立的肢体再生与功能重建理论。在张力-应力法则作用下,组织再生能力被激活、加强,通过给予一定应力性牵拉,骨骼及其附着的肌肉、筋膜、血管、神经会同步生长。将胫骨横向骨搬移技术用于治疗下肢血管性病变及糖尿病足,研究结果初步显示该技术可诱导糖尿病足下肢微血管网再生,促进足部溃疡愈合。
糖尿病足溃疡:是指糖尿病患者感觉、运动和自主神经病变的结果。感觉神经病变导致保护性感觉丧失,运动神经病变导致足部畸形和生物力学异常,而自主神经病变导致皮肤的可见共弹性变化,如皮肤干燥,这些变化导致愈伤组织的形成。轻微创伤和炎症反复影响足部,而负重可能导致胼胝下组织发生出血、坏死,最终进展为全身皮肤缺损的慢性溃疡。

背景:胫骨横向骨搬移术作为一种新兴外科技术,通过改善局部血液循环和促进血管生成,有助于加速糖尿病足溃疡的愈合。尽管胫骨横向骨搬移术显示出积极的临床效果,但具体分子机制尚不明确。近年来,环状RNA在血管生成和创面修复中的作用逐渐被揭示。环状RNA可能通过调控相关基因的表达,影响创面愈合过程,但环状RNA在胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗糖尿病足溃疡中的作用仍不清楚。
目的:探讨胫骨横向骨搬移术对兔糖尿病足溃疡的治疗作用及机制。
方法:选取18只3月龄、体质量2.8-3.6 kg的雄性新西兰兔,给予高糖高脂饲料喂养1个月后,通过静脉注射四氧嘧啶诱导建立2型糖尿病模型。造模成功后,结扎右侧股动脉中上段,切除同侧足背全层皮肤,以模拟糖尿病足溃疡的病理特征。随后,将造模成功的兔随机分为4组(每组4只):空白组不进行任何额外处理;换药组建模后常规碘伏消毒;假手术组建模后安装胫骨横向骨搬移术支架但不进行骨搬移;手术组建模后安装胫骨横向骨搬移术支架并进行骨搬移。在术后7,14 d,观察各组兔足背溃疡创面的愈合情况;术后7,14,21 d,通过酶联免疫吸附方法检测血清中血管内皮生长因子A和CD31水平;术后14 d,取各组溃疡创面组织进行苏木精-伊红染色、CD31免疫荧光染色及Western blot检测血管内皮生长因子A和CD31蛋白表达;术后7,14,21 d,采集手术组静脉血进行全序列基因测序,分析环状RNA的差异表达。
结果与结论:术后7,14 d,手术组糖尿病足溃疡的恢复效果明显优于其他3组,在表皮修复、胶原纤维沉积和血管生成方面表现出更优的促进作用。术后14,21 d,手术组血清中血管内皮生长因子A、CD31水平显著高于其他3组(P < 0.01)。基因测序分析结果显示,术后21 d环状RNA的变化最为显著,尤其是环状RNA 姐妹染色体过早分离基因5黏附相关因子B的表达随着时间的推移逐渐降低,提示环状RNA 姐妹染色体过早分离基因5黏附相关因子B可能与血管生成和组织修复密切相关。结果表明:胫骨横向骨搬移术能够有效促进兔糖尿病足溃疡创面的愈合。基因测序结果显示环状RNA差异表达,尤其是环状RNA 姐妹染色体过早分离基因5黏附相关因子B下调显著,提示胫骨横向骨搬移术可能通过激活相关的分子通路,促进创面修复和血管生成。

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8091-2074 (孙祖延) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 胫骨横向骨搬移, 糖尿病足溃疡, 糖尿病, 血管生成, 环状RNA(circRNA), circPDS5B

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Transverse tibial bone transfer is an emerging surgical technique that enhances local blood circulation and promotes angiogenesis, thereby accelerating the healing of diabetic foot ulcers. Although this technique has demonstrated positive clinical outcomes, its specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the role of circular RNA in angiogenesis and wound healing has gained increasing recognition. Circular RNA may influence the healing process by regulating the expression of related genes; however, its involvement in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers through transverse tibial bone transfer has yet to be explored.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of transverse tibial bone transfer on diabetic foot ulcers in a rabbit model and the mechanism of action. 
METHODS: Eighteen 3-month-old male New Zealand rabbits, weighing 2.8–3.6 kg, were included in this study. After being fed a high-sugar, high-fat diet for 1 month, type II diabetic rabbit models were induced by intravenous injection of alloxan monohydrate. After successful modeling, the right femoral artery at the mid-upper segment was ligated, and the full-thickness skin of the ipsilateral dorsum of the foot was excised to simulate the pathological characteristics of diabetic foot ulcers. The successfully modeled rabbits were then randomly divided into four groups (n = 4 rabbits per group): blank group (no additional treatment), dressing group (routine disinfection with povidone-iodine after modeling), sham surgery group (installing a transverse tibial bone transfer scaffold but without bone transfer procedure), surgery group (installing a transverse tibial bone transfer scaffold plus bone transfer procedure). At 7 and 14 days after surgery, the healing of the foot dorsum ulcers was observed in each group. At 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A and CD31 were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At 14 days after surgery, ulcer tissue samples from each group were collected for histopathological analysis (hematoxylin and eosin staining), CD31 immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot assay to assess vascular endothelial growth factor A and CD31 protein expression levels. At 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery, venous blood samples were collected from the surgery group for whole-genome sequencing, and the differential expression of circular RNA was analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 14 and 21 days after surgery, the surgery group exhibited significantly better diabetic foot ulcer recovery compared with the other three groups, demonstrating superior epidermal regeneration, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. At 14 and 21 days after surgery, the surgery group showed markedly higher serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A and CD31 than the other groups (P < 0.01). Gene sequencing analysis revealed the most pronounced changes in circular RNA expression on day 21, particularly the progressive downregulation of circular RNA PDS5B over time. This suggests a potential link between circular RNA PDS5B and angiogenesis and tissue repair mechanisms. All findings indicate that transverse tibial bone transfer effectively enhances diabetic foot ulcer healing in rabbits. The differential expression of circular RNAs, especially the significant decrease in circular RNA PDS5B, suggests that transverse tibial bone transfer may accelerate wound repair and angiogenesis by activating relevant molecular pathways.


Key words: transverse tibial bone transfer, diabetic foot ulcer, diabetes mellitus, angiogenesis, circular RNA (circRNA), circPDS5B

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