中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 315-320.doi: 10.12307/2023.867

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

细胞外囊泡在少肌性肥胖中的作用及机制

龙  宜1,2,杨佳明1,2,叶  花1,2,钟燕彪3,4,王茂源2,5   

  1. 1赣南医学院,江西省赣州市  341000;2赣南医学院第一附属医院,江西省赣州市  341000;3赣南医学院第一附属医院康复医学科,江西省赣州市  341000;4赣州市智能康复技术创新中心,江西省赣州市  341400;5赣州市康复医学重点实验室,江西省赣州市  341000
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-29 接受日期:2023-01-10 出版日期:2024-01-18 发布日期:2023-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 王茂源,博士,教授,赣南医学院第一附属医院,江西省赣州市 341000;赣州市康复医学重点实验室,江西省赣州市 341000
  • 作者简介:龙宜,女,1998年生,江西省吉安市人,汉族,赣南医学院在读硕士,主要从事骨骼肌再生相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82060420),项目负责人:王茂源;江西省自然科学基金项目(20212BAB206004),项目负责人:王茂源

Extracellular vesicles in sarcopenic obesity: roles and mechanisms

Long Yi1, 2, Yang Jiaming1, 2, Ye Hua1, 2, Zhong Yanbiao3, 4, Wang Maoyuan2, 5   

  1. 1Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China; 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China; 3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China; 4Ganzhou Intelligent Rehabilitation Technology Innovation Center, Ganzhou 341400, Jiangxi Province, China; 5Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-11-29 Accepted:2023-01-10 Online:2024-01-18 Published:2023-06-30
  • Contact: Wang Maoyuan, MD, Professor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
  • About author:Long Yi, Master candidate, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82060420 (to WMY); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, No. 20212BAB206004 (to WMY)

摘要:


文题释义:

少肌性肥胖:是指伴有骨骼肌质量、力量和功能低下的代谢性疾病,在老年人中更为常见,并可能导致老年人跌倒、行走不稳、平衡障碍和骨折,严重影响其生活质量。
细胞外囊泡:是参与细胞间通讯的脂质结合囊泡的异质性群体,在许多生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用,并显示出作为疾病的新型生物标志物、治疗剂和药物递送载体的巨大潜力。


背景:细胞外囊泡可通过参与细胞间通讯调节胰岛素抵抗和抑制炎症反应,同时可以修复骨骼肌,促进骨骼肌再生,有望成为少肌性肥胖的新型治疗方式。

目的:探讨细胞外囊泡的生物发生、生物学功能及其与少肌性肥胖的关系,综述当前有关细胞外囊泡在少肌性肥胖的发病机制、诊断和治疗中的最新进展。
方法:由第一作者应用计算机在PubMed、Embase和中国知网数据库检索涉及细胞外囊泡在少肌性肥胖中的相关研究,检索关键词为“extracellular vesicle,exosome,sarcopenic obesity,obese sarcopenia,skeletal muscle regeneration,skeletal muscle mass regulation”和“细胞外囊泡、外泌体、少肌性肥胖、肥胖肌少症、骨骼肌再生、骨骼肌质量调节”,检索时间为2022年6-11月,经过筛选后纳入87篇文献进行综述分析。

结果与结论:①细胞外囊泡是细胞双向通讯的重要媒介,可通过自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌的方式参与正常生理和病理过程的调节。②少肌性肥胖是复杂的多因素疾病,细胞外囊泡主要通过调节骨骼肌炎症反应和肌细胞平衡稳态参与少肌性疾病的发生发展。③脂肪和骨骼肌分泌的细胞因子通过细胞外囊泡包裹而释放到细胞外循环并发生相互作用,促进骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗和脂肪生成,是少肌性肥胖中骨骼肌发生萎缩的主要病理生理学。④细胞外囊泡不仅通过提供特定的致病标志物促进少肌性肥胖的疾病发展进程,也是少肌性肥胖中具有价值的诊断指标。⑤由于运动期间骨骼肌释放细胞外囊泡增强了新陈代谢反应,促进骨骼肌再生,因此细胞外囊泡可以作为少肌性肥胖的治疗靶点,而且还可通过装载药物有效提高药物的生物利用度的方式,治疗少肌性肥胖。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9771-6942(龙宜);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-101X(王茂源)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 细胞外囊泡, 外泌体, 少肌性肥胖, 肥胖肌少症, 增龄性脂代谢异常, 骨骼肌再生, 代谢稳态, 炎症, 细胞间通讯, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles can regulate insulin resistance and control inflammatory response by participating in intercellular communication, while repairing skeletal muscles and promoting skeletal muscle regeneration, which is expected to be a novel treatment modality for sarcopenic obesity.
OBJECTIVE: To review the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles, their biological functions, their relationship with sarcopenic obesity, and recent advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenic obesity.
METHODS: The first author performed a computer search of PubMed, Embase, CNKI and other databases for relevant studies involving extracellular vesicle in sarcopenic obesity. The search keywords were “extracellular vesicle, exosome, sarcopenic obesity, obese sarcopenia, skeletal muscle regeneration, skeletal muscle mass regulation” in English and Chinese, respectively. The search period was from June 2022 to November 2022. After screening, 87 articles were included for further review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Extracellular vesicles are important vectors of bidirectional cell communication and participate in the regulation of normal physiological and pathological processes through autocrine, paracrine and endocrine ways. Sarcopenic obesity is a complex multi-factor disease. Extracellular vesicles are involved in the occurrence and development of sarcopenic obesity mainly by regulating the inflammatory response of skeletal muscle and the homeostasis of muscle cells. Cytokines secreted by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are released into the extracellular circulation through extracellular vesicle encapsulation and interact with each other to promote skeletal muscle insulin resistance and lipogenesis, which is the main pathophysiology of skeletal muscle atrophy in sarcopenic obesity. Extracellular vesicles not only promote the development of sarcopenic obesity by providing specific pathogenic markers, but also are a valuable diagnostic indicator of sarcopenic obesity. Release of extracellular vesicles from skeletal muscle during exercise enhances metabolic response and promotes skeletal muscle regeneration. Extracellular vesicles can not only be used as therapeutic targets for sarcopenic obesity but also be used to treat sarcopenic obesity by loading drugs to effectively improve drug bioavailability.

Key words: extracellular vesicle, exosome, sarcopenic obesity, obese sarcopenia, aging lipid metabolism abnormality, skeletal muscle regeneration, metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, intercellular communication, review

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