中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 139-146.doi: 10.12307/2023.743

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

单细胞RNA测序揭示星形胶质细胞的异质性

龙清熙1,张萍淑1,2,刘  青1,欧  亚1,2,张丽丽1,2,元小冬1,2   

  1. 1华北理工大学附属开滦总医院神经内科,河北省唐山市   063000;2河北省神经生物机能重点实验室,河北省唐山市   063000
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-29 接受日期:2022-12-09 出版日期:2024-01-08 发布日期:2023-06-29
  • 通讯作者: 元小冬,教授,主任医师,华北理工大学附属开滦总医院神经内科,河北省唐山市 063000;河北省神经生物机能重点实验室,河北省唐山市 063000
  • 作者简介:龙清熙,女,1991年生,云南省红河州人,彝族,华北理工大学在读硕士,住院医师,主要从事干细胞及神经基因组学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2020年度河北省创新能力提升计划项目-科技研发平台与新型研发机构建设专项(20567622H),项目负责人:元小冬;2020年度唐山市科学技术研究与发展计划(第四批)(20130210D),项目负责人:元小冬

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity of astrocytes

Long Qingxi1, Zhang Pingshu1, 2, Liu Qing1, Ou Ya1, 2, Zhang Lili1, 2, Yuan Xiaodong1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China; 2Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2022-10-29 Accepted:2022-12-09 Online:2024-01-08 Published:2023-06-29
  • Contact: Yuan Xiaodong, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Long Qingxi, Master candidate, Resident physician, Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Hebei Provincial Innovation Capacity Improvement Plan in 2020 - Science and Technology Research and Development Platform and New Research and Development Organization Construction Project, No. 20567622H (to YXD); Tangshan Scientific and Technological Research and Development Plan in 2020 (The Fourth Batch), No. 20130210D (to YXD)

摘要:


文题释义:

星形胶质细胞异质性:指星形胶质细胞在结构形态、胞质活性物质、膜受体、对创伤的反应、细胞间网络连接以及标记基因表达等方面存在的差异。
单细胞RNA测序:“单细胞”指RNA采样丰度低到只有一个细胞的RNA也能测出序列,“RNA测序”指的是对细胞转录组RNA进行测序。单细胞RNA测序即对单个细胞进行 RNA 测序,在单细胞分辨率下进行基因表达的解析。


背景:星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统含量最丰富的细胞,存在多种亚型具有很强的异质性,执行着多种特殊功能。近年来,单细胞RNA测序技术从转录组分析的角度扩展了人们对星形胶质细胞异质性的理解。

目的:综述单细胞RNA测序技术对星形胶质细胞在不同物种、不同时空以及不同疾病状态异质性研究的进展,扩展对星形胶质细胞异质性在分子和功能层面的认识。
方法:检索PubMed、Elsevier及中国知网数据库收录的星形胶质细胞异质性及单细胞RNA测序研究相关文献,中文检索词为“星形胶质细胞、单细胞RNA测序、异质性、阿尔茨海默综合征、脊髓损伤、多发性硬化症”;英文检索词为“astrocytes,scRNA-seq,heterogeneity,Alzheimer disease,spinal cord injury,multiple sclerosis” 等,经过入组标准筛选,最终纳入74篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:星形胶质细胞的单细胞RNA测序相关研究显示,星形胶质细胞在不同物种、发育阶段、中枢神经系统区域和病理状态4个方面均存在明显的异质性。①不同物种的星形胶质细胞出现某些基因的独特表达,物种特异基因的发现对临床研究的转化大有裨益。②在星形胶质细胞发育过程中,各阶段鉴定出的细胞亚型出现了基因的差异表达,这进一步细化了星形胶质细胞的细胞谱系,为星形胶质细胞发育轨迹和机制的研究奠定基础。③差异基因表达的发现可以对不同星形胶质细胞亚群进行区域定位,为构建“细胞图谱”做出贡献,为神经疾病的诊疗提供帮助。④单细胞RNA测序揭示的星形胶质细胞异质性可以在疾病诊断时提供特异性标志,发现潜在的治疗靶点。⑤星形胶质细胞异质性存在于多个方面,交互且复杂,其产生、维持和转化的机制尚不清楚,目前在单细胞水平上的分子研究仍缺乏,将转录定义的星形胶质细胞亚群与细胞活动、行为和疾病标志实时联系起来仍然是该领域的巨大挑战之一。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-403X (龙清熙) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2612-2781 (元小冬) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 星形胶质细胞, 单细胞RNA测序, 异质性, 阿尔茨海默病, 脊髓损伤, 多发性硬化症, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system, and various subsets of astrocytes are heterogeneous, performing a variety of special functions. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology developed in recent years has extended our understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity from the perspective of transcriptome profiling.  
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the heterogeneity of scRNA-seq technology in different time and space, and pathological states and expand our knowledge of astrocyte heterogeneity on both molecular and functional levels.
METHODS: The relevant articles on astrocyte heterogeneity and scRNA-seq were searched on PubMed, Elsevier, and CNKI databases. The search terms were “astrocytes, scRNA-seq, heterogeneity, Alzheimer disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis” in Chinese and English. Finally, 74 articles were selected for viewing after screening according to inclusion criteria.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: scRNA-seq studies related to the heterogeneity of astrocytes have shown that astrocyte is significantly heterogeneous across four aspects: species, developmental stage, central nervous system region, and pathological state. (1) Unique expression of certain genes occurs in astrocytes of different species, and the discovery of species-specific genes is beneficial for the translation of clinical studies. (2) During astrocyte development, differential gene expression emerged in the cellular subtypes identified at each stage, which further refined the cellular lineage of astrocytes and laid the foundation for the study of astrocyte developmental trajectories and mechanisms. (3) The discovery of differential gene expression allows regional localization of different astrocyte subpopulations and assists in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. (4) Astrocyte heterogeneity revealed by scRNA-seq can provide specific markers at the time of disease diagnosis and identify potential therapeutic targets. (5) The heterogeneity of astrocytes exists in many aspects, interacts with each other and is complex. The mechanisms of its generation, maintenance and transformation remain unclear. At present, molecular research on the single-cell level is still lacking. Linking transcriptionally defined astrocyte subpopulations to cellular activity, behavior and disease markers in real time remains one of the great challenges in the field.

Key words: astrocyte, single-cell RNA sequencing, heterogeneity, Alzheimer’s disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, review

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