中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (22): 3576-3582.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.22.022

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

生物陶瓷在骨组织工程中的应用进展

卢陈佩,王旭东,沈国芳
  

  1. 上海市第九人民医院口腔颅颌面科,上海市  200000
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-27 出版日期:2017-08-08 发布日期:2017-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 王旭东,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,上海市第九人民医院口腔颅颌面科,上海市 200000
  • 作者简介:卢陈佩,女,1991年生,浙江省温州市人,上海交通大学医学院在读硕士,主要从事颅颌面畸形的临床及基础研究。

Bioceramics in bone tissue engineering

Lu Chen-pei, Wang Xu-dong, Shen Guo-fang
  

  1. Department of Oral Craniomaxillofacial, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200000, China
  • Received:2017-04-27 Online:2017-08-08 Published:2017-09-01
  • Contact: Wang Xu-dong, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Oral Craniomaxillofacial, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200000, China
  • About author:Lu Chen-pei, Studying for master’s degree, Department of Oral Craniomaxillofacial, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200000, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
生物陶瓷
:是指用作特定的生物或生理功能的一类陶瓷材料,即直接用于人体或与人体直接相关的生物、医用、生物化学等的陶瓷材料。骨组织工程中常用的生物陶瓷大致上可分为钙磷灰石和生物活性玻璃两类。由于它们的组成与人体正常骨组织中的结构和化学成分十分相近,成为骨组织工程中支架的良好材料。
骨组织工程材料的性能:骨组织工程支架应能够支持活细胞的黏附、增殖与分化,并且对受体组织没有毒害性,此即生物相容性。同时,该载体还须具有骨诱导,骨传导及诱导血管生成的能力。当用于生物体内修复缺损时,理想化的支架在诱导组织的再生的同时自身能以可控的速率逐步降解,为新生的骨组织提供可容空间,最终用完全的再生组织来修复缺损,这就要求组织支架具备可降解性。同时,骨细胞的生长需要适宜的营养及氧分要求,这就要求支架必须多孔化,以利于营养成分的输送。

背景:生物陶瓷与正常人体骨组织组成相似,具有良好的骨诱导骨传导活性及生物相容性,因此被认为是骨组织工程最有运用前景的材料之一。
目的:总结生物陶瓷材料的各种性能、实验研究及临床应用进展。
方法:以“bioceramics,hydroxylapatite,calcium phosphate,bioglass,bone tissue engineering”为检索词,应用计算机检索PubMed数据库2000至2016年的相关文献。
结果与结论:生物陶瓷材料可分为钙磷灰石类和生物活性玻璃两大类,钙磷灰石类材料具有良好的生物相容性和骨诱导活性,但机械强度较差;生物活性玻璃材料也具有良好的生物相容性且有助于部分成骨基因的表达,但脆性较大、强度不足。部分生物陶瓷材料作为支架主体已在临床上应用,近年来,钙磷灰石类材料也用作骨组织工程支架涂层材料改善支架各项性能。将生物陶瓷材料与高分子材料复合,可提高生物陶瓷材料的强度,改善其降解活性,但其作为骨组织修复材料被广泛用于临床仍面临许多问题与挑战。

关键词: 生物材料, 骨生物材料, 生物陶瓷, 羟基磷灰石, 钙磷灰石, 生物活性玻璃, 骨组织工程

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Bioceramic has similar components compared to human bone tissue and it has shown good ostoconductivity both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, it is biocompatible. So, bioceramics is considered as one of the most promising materials which can be applied to bone tissue engineering.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the properties of bioceramics and the research progress in experimental studies and clinical applications.
METHODS: PubMed was searched for relevant articles published during 2000 to 2016 with the key words of “bioceramics, hydroxylapatite, calcium phosphate, bioglass, bone tissue engineering” in English.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bioceramic materials can be divided into two categories: calcium phosphates and bioactive glass. Calcium phosphates have good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, while the mechanical property is not so satisfying. Bioactive glass is biocompatible and beneficial to the expression of some osteogenic genes, but it is brittle and weak. Some kinds of bioceramics have already been applied to clinical practice. In recent years, calcium phosphates have also been used as coated materials to improve the properties of tissue-engineered scaffolds. Bioceramics combined with synthetic polymers, shows better mechanical performance and biodegradation. Even so, it still has plenty of problems and challenges as a widely used bone repair material in clinical practice.

Key words: Dental Porcelain, Apatites, Tissue Engineering

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