中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (20): 3168-3173.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2609

• 脊柱组织构建 spinal tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

椎小关节注射与经皮椎体后凸成形治疗椎体轻度脆性骨折:快速镇痛与恢复脊柱稳定性

罗  伟1,陈建平2,孙倩倩1,陈  晨3,李  航2,马成龙1,苏  睿1,冯晓月1,孙宇睿1   

  1. 1山西医科大学麻醉学系,山西省太原市  030001;山西医学科学院山西大医院,2疼痛科,3骨科,山西省太原市  030032
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-25 修回日期:2019-08-01 接受日期:2019-10-09 出版日期:2020-07-18 发布日期:2020-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 陈建平,博士,主任医师,山西医学科学院山西大医院疼痛科,山西省太原市 030032
  • 作者简介:罗伟,男,1992年生,湖北省十堰市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事脊柱源性疼痛研究。

Facet joint injection versus percutaneous kyphoplasty for mild vertebral fragility fractures: rapid analgesia and restoration of spinal stability

Luo Wei1, Chen Jianping2, Sun Qianqian1, Chen Chen3, Li Hang2, Ma Chenglong1, Su Rui1, Feng Xiaoyue1, Sun Yurui1   

  1. 1Department of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China; 2Department of Pain Management, 3Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2019-07-25 Revised:2019-08-01 Accepted:2019-10-09 Online:2020-07-18 Published:2020-04-13
  • Contact: Chen Jianping, MD, Chief physician, Department of Pain Management, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Luo Wei, Master candidate, Department of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

椎小关节:是真正的滑膜关节,具有关节面、关节软骨、关节腔和关节囊,当骨质疏松压缩性骨折患者变动体位时损伤的小关节进一步受力卡压神经,疼痛通过上关节突与横突交界处绕行的脊神经后内侧支传递引起爆发痛。

经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP):1994年Reiley等在经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)的基础上,设计了通过球囊扩张来纠正脊柱后凸畸形的技术,即经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术。经皮椎体后凸成形做为一种脊柱微创手术,具有创伤小、操作简便、手术安全性高等诸多优点,在治疗骨质疏松压缩性骨折方面,可以更快地恢复身体动能及缓解疼痛,尽可能恢复椎体高度和矫正后凸畸形。

背景:经皮椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松压缩性骨折受到临床上广泛的认可,但因存在骨水泥渗漏、邻近椎体再骨折等并发症促使临床医生寻求新的治疗方案。

目的:对比研究椎小关节注射与经皮椎体后凸成形对轻度椎体脆性骨折的疗效。

方法:纳入轻度椎体脆性骨折(骨质疏松性骨折)患者46例,根据治疗方案分为小关节注射组和经皮椎体后凸成形组。2组患者在给予规范的抗骨质疏松治疗基础上,分别行小关节注射和经皮椎体后凸成形治疗,记录2组患者治疗前,治疗后1周及第1,3,6,12个月时的数据,采用目测类比评分、功能障碍指数问卷表(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评估镇痛效果;采用椎体前缘高度、后凸角度、腰椎骨密度评估脊柱稳定性;比较再骨折发生率。研究方案的实施符合山西医学科学院山西大医院的相关伦理要求,所有患者均签署了“知情同意书”。

结果与结论:①组内比较:与治疗前相比,2组患者治疗后各时间段的目测类比评分和ODI评分均显著降低(P < 0.01),在12个月时椎体骨密度显著升高(P < 0.05);经皮椎体后凸成形组的椎体前缘高度、后凸角度均优于治疗前(P < 0.01);②组间比较:治疗后1周和1个月时,小关节注射组的目测类比评分和ODI评分显著高于经皮椎体后凸成形组(P < 0.05),而在第3,6,12个月时2组的评分无明显差异(P > 0.05);经皮椎体后凸成形组治疗后各时间点的椎体前缘高度、后凸角度均优于小关节注射组(P < 0.01);③再骨折发生率2组差异无显著性(P > 0.05);④结果说明,经过规范的抗骨质疏松治疗后,小关节注射和经皮椎体后凸成形都能为轻度椎体脆性骨折患者提供有效的镇痛,后者在快速镇痛和恢复脊柱稳定性方面有一定优势。

ORCID: 0000-0001-6535-7359(罗伟)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 椎小关节注射, 经皮椎体后凸成形术, 椎体脆性骨折, 目测类比评分, 功能障碍指数问卷表

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures has been widely recognized in clinical practice, but clinicians are still impelled to seek for new treatment regimens due to complications such as bone cement leakage and adjacent vertebral re-fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of facet joint injection (FJI) and PKP in the treatment of mild vertebral fragility fractures.

METHODS: Forty-six patients with mild vertebral fragility fractures (osteoporotic fractures) were divided into FJI group and PKP group according to the treatment regimens. The two groups of patients were treated with FJI and PKP separately based on standardized anti-osteoporosis treatment. The data of each group were recorded before and 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. The analgesic efficacy was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Spine stability was evaluated by anterior vertebral height, kyphotic angle and lumbar spine density and the incidence of re-fracture were compared. The study protocol was implemented in line with the ethic requirements of Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences in China. Informed consent was obtained from each patient.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Intragroup comparison: VAS and ODI scores of patients in both groups were significantly decreased in each period after treatment compared with the baseline (P < 0.05), and vertebral bone density was significantly increased at the 12th month after treatment (P < 0.05). The anterior vertebral height and kyphosis angle of the PKP group were better than the baseline (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparison: At the 1st week and 1st month after treatment, the VAS and ODI scores of the FJI group were significantly higher than those of the PKP group (P < 0.05), while at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the anterior vertebral body height and kyphosis angle in the PKP group were better than those in the FJI group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the incidence of re-fracture (P > 0.05). Standardized anti-osteoporosis treatment with either FJI or PKP can provide effective analgesia for patients with mild vertebral fragility fracture, and PKP has certain advantages in rapid analgesia and recovery of spinal stability.

Key words: facet joint injection, percutaneous kyphoplasty, vertebral fragility fracture, visual analogue scale, Oswestry disability index

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