中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 863-869.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1554

• 组织工程骨及软骨材料 tissue-engineered bone and cartilage materials • 上一篇    下一篇

三种填充材料修复胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的疗效对比

王雪峰,尚希福   

  1. 安徽医科大学附属安徽省立医院骨科,安徽省合肥市 230001
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-02 出版日期:2019-02-28 发布日期:2019-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 尚希福,博士,主任医师,安徽医科大学附属安徽省立医院骨科, 安徽省合肥市 230001
  • 作者简介:王雪峰,男,1979年生,安徽省六安市人,汉族,副主任医师,主要从事脊椎、关节方向研究。

Curative effects of three filling materials in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures

Wang Xuefeng, Shang Xifu   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2018-09-02 Online:2019-02-28 Published:2019-02-28
  • Contact: Shang Xifu, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Wang Xuefeng, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折:随着年龄增加,骨骼衰老导致骨量减低、骨强度下降、骨脆性增加,日常活动中由轻微损伤即可造成脆性骨折。研究中大部分为绝经后妇女,由滑倒、磕碰、咳嗽等小的外力导致骨折。由于年龄原因,骨折后骨愈合过程较慢,外科治疗的疗效降低,再次发生骨折的风险较大,患者的生活质量明显受到影响。
经皮穿刺椎体后凸成形术:经皮穿刺,用球囊或其他机械装置撑开压缩的椎体,并在椎体内注入骨水泥,常用于手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折。研究采用的3种骨水泥填充材料均能达到稳定骨折、恢复椎体力学强度和缓解疼痛的目的,通过疼痛评分、伤椎形态恢复等评价标准对比了3种材料的优劣。
 
 
背景:采用经皮穿刺椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,填充材料的选择成为影响手术效果的重要因素。
目的:探讨聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)、自固化磷酸钙骨水泥(calcium phosphate cement,CPC)与含有重组人骨形态发生蛋白2(recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2,rhBMP-2)磷酸钙骨水泥治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的疗效。
方法:纳入120例胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者,均进行经皮椎体后凸成形治疗,随机分3组,在治疗过程中分别填充聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥(PMMA对照组)、自固化磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC观察组)及含有人骨形态发生蛋白2的磷酸钙骨水泥(rhBMP-2/CPC观察组),每种材料40例。治疗后7 d,评估各组临床疗效;治疗前及治疗后3个月,评估止痛药使用情况;治疗前及治疗后3,6个月,评估伤椎骨密度;治疗后1年,统计新发骨折情况。

结果与结论:①3组治疗总有效率达到97.5%,组间临床疗效比较无差异(P > 0.05);②3组治疗后7 d的疼痛均较治疗前改善(P < 0.05),CPC观察组、rhBMP-2/CPC观察组改善情况优于PMMA对照组(P < 0.05),CPC观察组、rhBMP-2/CPC观察组改善情况无差异(P > 0.05);③3组治疗后7 d的活动功能恢复情况均较治疗前改善(P < 0.05),CPC观察组、rhBMP-2/CPC观察组改善程度优于PMMA对照组(P < 0.05);④3组治疗后7 d的伤椎前中柱椎体高度、后凸Cobb角均较治疗前有所改善(P < 0.05),3组间改善程度比较无差异(P > 0.05);⑤治疗后3个月,3组患者均脱离了止痛药物;⑥治疗后6个月,PMMA对照组与CPC观察组骨密度与治疗前比较无差异(P > 0.05),rhBMP-2/CPC观察组骨密度较治疗前明显增加(P < 0.05);⑦治疗后1年,CPC观察组、rhBMP-2/CPC观察组新发骨折情况低于PMMA对照组(P < 0.05),CPC观察组、rhBMP-2/CPC观察组新发骨折情况比较无差异(P > 0.05);⑧结果表明,PMMA、CPC与rhBMP-2/CPC治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折临床疗效均较好,CPC与rhBMP-2/CPC改善疼痛的速度和远期支撑效果更好,可减少新发骨折发生风险,同时rhBMP-2/CPC能够增加椎体骨密度。

ORCID: 0000-0001-6470-0530(王雪峰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折, 经皮成形术, 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯, 自固化磷酸钙骨水泥, 重组人骨形态发生蛋白2, 新发骨折, 经皮椎体后凸成形术

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with percutaneous kyphoplasty, the choice of filling material has become an important factor for the surgical outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and CPC with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2/CPC) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.
METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures undergoing percutaneous kyphoplasty were included, and were randomly divided into three groups, PMMA, CPC and rhBMP-2/CPC groups (n=40 per group). After 7 days of treatment, the clinical efficacy of each group was evaluated. The use of analgesics was evaluated before and 3 months after treatment. Bone mineral density was assessed before treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment. At 1 year after treatment, the incidence of new fractures was counted.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The total effective rate of the three groups was 97.5%, and there was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy among groups (P > 0.05). The visual analogue scale scores in each group after 7-day treatment were all improved compared with the baseline (P < 0.05). The improvement in the CPC and rhBMP-2/CPC groups was significantly better than that in the PMMA group (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the improvement between CPC and rhBMP-2/CPC groups (P > 0.05).The recovery of motor function in the three groups at 7 days after treatment was significantly better than the baseline (P < 0.05). The improvement degree in the CPC and rhBMP-2/CPC groups was significantly better than that in the PMMA group (P < 0.05). The height of the injured anterior and middle vertebral column and the Cobb angle of kyphosis in each group at 7 days after treatment were significantly improved compared with the baseline (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the degree of improvement among groups (P > 0.05). At 3 months after treatment, the patients in all groups were separated from the analgesic drugs. At 6 months after treatment, the bone mineral density in the PMMA and CPC groups showed no significant difference compared with the baseline (P > 0.05). The bone mineral density in the rhBMP-2/CPC group was significantly increased compared with the baseline (P < 0.05). After 1 year of treatment, the incidence of new fractures in the CPC and rhBMP-2/CPC groups was significantly lower than that in the PMMA group (P < 0.05), and there was no difference between CPC and rhBMP-2/CPC groups (P >0.05). These results suggest that the clinical efficacy of PMMA, CPC and rhBMP-2/CPC in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures is satisfactory. CPC and rhBMP-2/CPC can accelerate pain relief and hold long-term support effect, reduce the incidence of new fractures, and meanwhile, rhBMP-2/CPC can increase the vertebral mineral density. 

Key words: Calcium Phosphates, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Spinal Fractures, Osteoporotic Fractures, Tissue Engineering

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