中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (19): 3063-3070.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2023

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

不同干细胞来源外泌体在心血管疾病治疗中的应用、作用及问题

刘  卒,韩  燊,李亚雄,李昆林,张雅永,蒋立虹   

  1. 昆明医科大学附属延安医院心脏大血管外科,昆明市延安医院心脏大血管外科,云南省心血管外科研究所,云南省心血管疾病重点实验室,云南省第一人民医院,云南省昆明市  650051
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-04 修回日期:2019-07-06 接受日期:2019-08-15 出版日期:2020-07-08 发布日期:2020-04-09
  • 通讯作者: 蒋立虹,博士,教授,博士生、硕士生导师,昆明医科大学附属延安医院心脏大血管外科,昆明市延安医院心脏大血管外科,云南省心血管外科研究所,云南省心血管疾病重点实验室,云南省第一人民医院,云南省昆明市 650051 张雅永,硕士,主治医师,昆明医科大学附属延安医院心脏大血管外科,昆明市延安医院心脏大血管外科,云南省心血管外科研究所,云南省心血管疾病重点实验室,云南省第一人民医院,云南省昆明市 650051
  • 作者简介:刘卒,女,1993年生,湖南省岳阳县人,汉族,昆明医科大学在读硕士,主要从事心胸外科临床工作及干细胞领域研究。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技人才和平台计划,云南省心血管疾病重点实验室(2018DG008);云南省科技创新人才计划,昆明市延安医院心脏大血管外科关键诊疗技术研究省创新团队(2018HC027);云南省卫生科技计划项目(2017NS328)

Applications, roles and problems of exosomes derived from different stem cells in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Liu Zu, Han Shen, Li Yaxiong, Li Kunlin, Zhang Yayong, Jiang Lihong   

  1. Department of Cardiac Vascular Surgery, Yan’an Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yan’an Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yunnan Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2019-07-04 Revised:2019-07-06 Accepted:2019-08-15 Online:2020-07-08 Published:2020-04-09
  • Contact: Jiang Lihong, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Cardiac Vascular Surgery, Yan’an Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yan'an Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yunnan Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China Zhang Yayong, Master, Attending physician, Department of Cardiac Vascular Surgery, Yan’an Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yan’an Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yunnan Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Liu Zu, Master candidate, Department of Cardiac Vascular Surgery, Yan’an Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yan’an Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yunnan Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2018DG008; the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Talents Program, Provincial Innovation Team of Key Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research in Cardiovascular Surgery, Kunming Yan’an Hospital, No. 2018HC027; the Health Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Province, No. 2017NS328

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是一种直径为30-100 nm,由细胞内多泡体与细胞膜融合后释放到细胞外基质中的膜囊泡。外泌体存在于多种体液中,如血清、唾液、羊水、母乳和尿液,同时在细胞培养基中也有外泌体的释放。外泌体含有DNA片段、mRNA、小RNA、功能蛋白及转录因子等多种具有生物活性的物质,其膜结构还表达多种抗原、抗体分子,能产生各种生物学效应,从而在临床治疗疾病中具有广泛的应用前景。

干细胞来源外泌体在心血管疾病方面的应用价值:干细胞来源外泌体有效地规避了干细胞移植带来的缺陷,如免疫排斥反应、致瘤性和输注毒性,这些局限性使干细胞在心血管疾病治疗中黯然失色。干细胞来源外泌体可通过移植到受体心脏来调节各种细胞过程,如增殖、凋亡、应激反应以及分化和血管生成等。因此,干细胞来源外泌体可以作为替代干细胞治疗心血管疾病安全有效的手段。

背景:外泌体含有DNA片段、mRNA、小RNA、功能蛋白及转录因子等多种具有生物活性的物质,同时其膜结构还表达多种抗原、抗体分子,从而能产生各种生物学效应。近年来的研究结果表明其具有类似于干细胞移植的治疗作用,可用于代替干细胞移植治疗心血管疾病。

目的:总结不同干细胞来源外泌体在心血管疾病治疗中的应用,为外泌体治疗心血管疾病提供参考及依据。

方法:通过检索 PubMed数据库2005至 2019年期间的相关文章,检索词为“exosomes,cardiovascular disease,embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells”,同时检索中国知网、维普数据库2014 至 2019年期间的相关文章,检索词为“外泌体,心血管疾病,胚胎干细胞,诱导多能干细胞,间充质干细胞”。对文献资料及参考文献进行逐一查阅。

结果与结论:干细胞来源外泌体比干细胞移植更安全、有效,在心血管疾病的治疗方面具有巨大潜力,但关于外泌体功能及用途的研究仍处于起步阶段,此外外泌体含量低,提取过程繁琐等问题限制了其临床应用。

ORCID: 0000-0001-8179-1040(刘卒)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 外泌体, 心血管疾病, 胚胎干细胞, 诱导多能干细胞, 间充质干细胞

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Exosomes contain DNA fragments, mRNA, miRNA, functional proteins, transcription factors and other substances with biological activities. Their membrane structure also expresses a variety of antigens and antibody molecules, thus producing various biological effects. Recent studies have shown that it has similar therapeutic effects with stem cell transplantation and can be used as a substitute of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of exosomes from different stem cells in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, so as to provide reference and basis for exosomes applied in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

METHODS: Articles in PubMed database from 2005 to 2019 were searched using the search terms of “exosomes, cardiovascular diseases, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells.” Articles in databases of CNKI and VIP from 2014 to 2019 were retrieved with the search terms of “exosome, cardiovascular disease, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells.” The literature and references were reviewed one by one.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exosomes derived from stem cells are safer and more effective than stem cell transplantation, and have great potential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the research on the function and use of exosomes is still in its infancy. In addition, low exosome content and cumbersome extraction process limit its clinical application.

Key words: exosomes, cardiovascular disease, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells

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