中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (35): 5703-5708.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.35.021

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

有限元法评估经皮椎体成形和后凸成形治疗脊柱三明治骨折的生物力学变化

王吉博   

  1. 遵义医学院,广东省珠海市 519041
  • 出版日期:2017-12-18 发布日期:2018-01-02
  • 作者简介:王吉博,男,1984年生,汉族,山东省德州市人,遵义医学院外科学专业毕业,硕士,讲师,主要从事骨质疏松与骨坏死方面的研究。

Biomechanical characteristics of percutaneous kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty for spinal sandwich fracture by finite element analysis

Wang Ji-bo   

  1. Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
  • Online:2017-12-18 Published:2018-01-02
  • About author:Wang Ji-bo, Master, Lecturer, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
三明治骨折:是2008 年由 Hierholzer和Pitton等学者报道的一种特殊类型的脊柱骨折。其中,脊柱三明治骨折(Sandwich Body Fracture)是指一个完好的未骨折椎与其上下两方所相邻的两个发生骨折的椎体组成的特殊类型的椎体骨折。
经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP):是指经皮通过椎弓根或椎弓根外向椎体内注入骨水泥以达到增加椎体强度和稳定性,防止塌陷,缓解疼痛,甚至部分恢复椎体高度为目的一种微创脊椎外科技术。椎体成形术是将骨组织或骨水泥注入椎体,从力学上增强其结构强度。20世纪80年代,法国医生 Deramand 和Galiber 首先运用经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体血管瘤,此后这一技术被广泛用于,开创了椎体压缩骨折微创治疗的新纪元。
经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP):这种微创技术在治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折、疼痛性椎体血管瘤以及各种脊柱转移瘤和骨髓瘤等方面取得了满意的效果,可使患者的疼痛即刻显著减轻或消失,明显提高患者的生活质量。由于其微创、安全、疗效显著,得到了越来越多的医生与患者的青睐。经皮椎体后凸成形术是在经皮椎体成形术的基础上,于1994年由美国学者Wong和Reiley等设计,并于1998 年由美国FDA批准用于临床。 
 
摘要
背景:研究证明脊柱三明治骨折经皮椎体后凸成形和经皮椎体成形强化后椎体后骨折发生率相较于传统保守治疗有明显的效果,但经皮椎体后凸成形与经皮椎体成形治疗的生物学性能还需要进一步探索。
目的:比较后凸成形和经皮椎体成形2种疗法治疗脊柱三明治骨折的生物力学特性。
方法:基于脊柱三明治骨折有限元模型,构建治疗骨折的后凸成形及经皮椎体成形有限元模型。在两种模型加载荷的工况下,分析变形和应力分布特征。
结果与结论:经皮椎体成形模型治疗L1、T11三明治骨折,治疗前与治疗后情况相比,脊柱处胸腰段刚度变化不明显,夹心椎处最大应力变化及变形量基本没有明显改善,夹心椎前柱处应力集中现象无明显改观(26.12 MPa减小到23.37 MPa,减小了10.53%)。而后凸成形模型脊柱处胸腰段刚度明显增加,夹心椎处的最大应力变化及变形量明显减少(27.15 MPa 减小到17.52 MPa,减小了36.71%)。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-4156-7906(王吉博)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 脊柱植入物, 脊柱模型, 经皮椎体成形术, 后凸成形术治疗法, 生物力学评估

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) have been shown to obtain satisfactory clinical efficacy in the treatment of spinal sandwich fracture compared with conventional conservative method, but a further investigation on the related biomechanical characteristics is required.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanics characteristics of PVP and PKP for spinal sandwich fracture.
METHODS: The finite element models of PVP and PKP were constructed based on the finite element model of spinal sandwich fracture. The deformation and stress distribution characteristics were analyzed after loaded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After PVP for L1, T11 sandwich fracture, the stiffness at the thoracic and lumbar segments, the maximum stress and deformation at the sandwich vertebrae showed no obvious improvement, and the stress concentration at the anterior column of sandwich vertebrae was not improved significantly (from 26.12 Mpa to 23.37 Mpa, reduced by 10.53%). Meanwhile, PKP significantly increased the stiffness at the thoracic and lumbar segments, the maximum stress and deformation of the sandwich vertebrae were significantly decreased (from 27.15 Mpa to 17.52 Mpa, reduced by 36.71%).

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Spine, Fractures, Bone, Finite Element Analysis, Biomechanics, Tissue Engineering

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