中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (35): 5673-5678.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.35.016

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

伤椎置钉治疗AOA3.3型胸腰椎爆裂骨折的生物力学特征

黄中飞1,陈远明2,陈 科1,王 珣1,万 健1,温永福1   

  1. 1广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院脊柱微创中心,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530011;2广西医科大学第二附属医院骨科,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530011
  • 出版日期:2017-12-18 发布日期:2018-01-02
  • 通讯作者: 陈远明,主任医师,硕士生导师,广西医科大学第二附属医院骨科,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530011
  • 作者简介:黄中飞,男,1988年生,广西壮族自治区横县人,壮族,2016年广西中医药大学毕业,硕士,主要从事脊柱微创方面研究工作。
  • 基金资助:

    广西壮族自治区教育厅高校科研项目(ZD2014066)

Biomechanical characteristics of the screw fixation at the fracture level for A3.3 by AO classification thoracolumbar burst fracture  

Huang Zhong-fei1, Chen Yuan-ming2, Chen Ke1, Wang Xun1, Wan Jian1, Wen Yong-fu1   

  1. 1Minimally Invasive Spine Center of Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Online:2017-12-18 Published:2018-01-02
  • Contact: Chen Yuan-ming, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Huang Zhong-fei, Master, Minimally Invasive Spine Center of Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:

     the College Research Project of Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. ZD2014066

摘要:

文章快速阅读:



 
文题释义:
AOA3.3骨折:1994年Magerl等提出AO分类,认为脊柱生物力学功能完整的前提是完整的脊柱解剖学结构,正常的胸腰椎应具备抗压、抗拉和抗旋转的能力。据此认识,AO 将胸腰椎骨折根据抗压、抗拉和抗旋转能力丧失程度,提出了3-3-3模式的分类法,分为3大类:A 类为椎体压缩性骨折;B 类为前后结构牵伸性损伤;C 类为前后旋转暴力所致的前后结构损伤。A 类又包含以下3种类型:A1型椎体压缩性骨折;A2 型椎体劈裂性骨折;A3 型椎体爆裂性骨折,而 A3 型又分为 1 型:不完全性爆裂骨折,2 型:椎体爆裂劈裂性骨折,3 型:完全性爆裂骨折。本实验研究所造的模型在AO分类上即属于A3.3型爆裂骨折。
伤椎置钉:King等于1944年首次提出了将椎弓根钉内固定应用于脊柱骨折治疗的观点。美国FDA于1997年正式批准通过该技术可作为脊柱后路内固定治疗方法之后, 目前在临床上广泛使用跨越骨折椎体固定上下相邻椎体的固定方式。而伤椎置钉则不同,是指在骨折椎体的单侧或双侧椎弓根内拧入椎弓根螺钉进行脊柱固定。
 
摘要
背景:椎体完全爆裂性骨折因其复杂的形态学改变目前在临床上制定手术方案时仍有争议。目前未见对AOA3.3型胸腰椎完全爆裂骨折相关固定方式的研究报道。
目的:对AOA3.3型椎体爆裂骨折固定置钉行生物力学分析,为该类骨折选择置钉方式提供力学依据。
方法:①三维运动测试:每个标本按测试顺序分完整组(A)、L1完全爆裂(AOA3.3型)骨折组(B)、跨伤椎固定上下节段组(C)、经单侧伤椎固定上下节段组(D)、经双侧伤椎固定上下节段组(E)、经双侧伤椎固定上节段组(F)。取数具猪脊柱标本(预做A组),测试并记录标本的三维运动度后对L1行AOA3.3型骨折造模,取造模成功的6具标本的数据作为A组数据,并利用这6具标本继续按B、C、D、E、F分组顺序完成实验;②压缩刚度测试:添加1具新鲜标本作完整组(A),从三维运动实验的6具标本中抽取5具分别作B、C、D、E、F组行压缩刚度测试。
结果与结论:①三维运动测试:B组分别经C、D、E、F组方式固定后的三维运动范围明显减小(P < 0.05);与C、D、E组比较,在前屈、左屈、右屈、左旋、右旋方向上的活动度F组均明显增大(P < 0.05);E、D组分别与C、F组比较,运动范围明显减少(P < 0.05);D组与E组比较,运动范围无明显变化(P > 0.05);②压缩刚度测定:所有固定组刚度均较AO A3.3模型组(B组)大,E组在所有固定组中刚度最大,D组的刚度接近完整组(A组);③结果表明,经单侧伤椎固定上下节段与经双侧伤椎固定上下节段均能显著提高AOA3.3型胸腰椎爆裂骨折脊柱稳定性,而前者少用1钉,降低了患者费用和置钉风险,性价比最高。 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-5704-7406(黄中飞)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 脊柱植入物, 胸腰椎, 爆裂骨折, 生物力学, 伤椎置钉

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Treatment strategy for vertebral burst fracture remains controversial because of its complex morphological changes. There is a lack of knowledge concerning the fixation of thoracolumbar burst fracture (A3.3 by AO classification).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of thoracolumbar burst fracture (A3.3 by AO classification) after screw fixation, thereby providing reference for choosing an appropriate placement method.
METHODS: (1) Three-dimensional motion test: the samples were divided into complete set (group A), L1 burst fracture (A3.3 by AO classification) (group B), trans-vertebral fixation (group C), screw fixation at the unilateral fracture level (group D), screw fixation at the bilateral fracture levels (group E), and screw fixation at the bilateral upper fracture levels (F). Several swine spinal specimens served as group A, L1 was modeled into A3.3 by AO classification fracture after three-dimensional motion. (2) The compressive stiffness test: one fresh specimen served as complete group (group A), B, C, D, E, and F groups underwent compressive stiffness test.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Three-dimensional motion tests: the range of motion in the group B was significantly decreased after C, D, E, and F fixations (P < 0.05). Compared with groups C, D and E, the range of motion at the directions of anteflexion, left flexion, right flexion, left and right rotation in the group F was significantly increased in the group F (P < 0.05); the range of motion in the groups E and D was significantly smaller than that in the groups C and F (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference between groups D and E (P > 0.05). (2) The stiffness in the other groups was significantly higher than that in the group B, especially group E, and the groups D and A did not differ significantly. (3) These results indicate that the fixation at the unilateral fracture level and bilateral fracture levels both can significantly improve the stability of thoracolumbar burst fracture (A3.3 by AO classification), and the former can reduce the economical burden and placement complications. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Biomechanics, Fractures, Bone, Tissue Engineering

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