中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (23): 3741-3746.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.23.023

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

累及后外侧髁胫骨平台的骨折与植入物选择及修复

卢艳东1,李方国1,苗 军2,孙 杰1   

  1. 天津医院,1创伤膝关节二病区,2脊柱二病区,天津市 300211
  • 出版日期:2017-08-18 发布日期:2017-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 孙杰,副主任医师,天津医院创伤膝关节二病区,天津市 300211
  • 作者简介:卢艳东,男,1973年生,汉族,天津市人,主治医师,主要从事四肢骨折的诊疗,尤其擅长膝关节周围复杂骨折的诊疗。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(81472140)

Selection of implants and repair in posterolateral fractures of the tibial plateau

Lu Yan-dong1, Li Fang-guo1, Miao Jun2, Sun Jie1   

  1. 1Second Ward of Traumatic Knee Joint, 2Sceond Ward of Spine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Online:2017-08-18 Published:2017-09-01
  • Contact: Sun Jie, Associate chief physician, Second Ward of Traumatic Knee Joint, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • About author:Lu Yan-dong, Attending physician, Second Ward of Traumatic Knee Joint, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81472140

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
  

 

文题释义:
膝关节后外侧复合体:或称后外侧角是维持膝关节后外侧稳定的重要结构,它是由外侧副韧带、弓状韧带和后外侧关节囊组成的复合体,主要分为3层:第1层主要有股二头肌腱和髂胫束;第2层主要有外侧副韧带、腘肌腱和腘腓韧带;第3层为关节囊、腓肠肌外侧头。
胫骨平台:胫骨的近端的干骺端及关节面,骨科上称此解剖位置之为胫骨平台。胫骨上端与股骨下端形成膝关节。胫骨与股骨下端接触的面为胫骨平台。胫骨平台是膝关节的重要负荷结构,一旦发生骨折,使内、外平台受力不均,将产生骨关节炎改变。由于胫骨平台内外侧分别有内、外侧副韧带,平台中央有髁间隆突,其上有交叉韧带附着,当胫骨平台骨折时常发生韧带及半月板的损伤。
 
摘要
背景:胫骨后外侧平台位置深在,局部解剖关系复杂,且存在腓骨头及膝关节后外侧复合体等结构阻挡,对该骨折块的显露、固定较困难。
目的:分析胫骨平台后外侧骨折的解剖学特点,形态学特征及骨折分型,比较治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的不同手术入路及内固定材料的选择。
方法:由第一作者通过计算机检索1990到2016年PubMed数据库和中国知网(CNKI)数据库收录的相关文献。英文检索词为“tibial plateau;postero-lateral fragment;fixation”,中文检索词“胫骨平台;后外侧骨折;内固定”。总结胫骨平台后外侧骨折的解剖学特点,形态学特征及骨折分型,比较分析治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的不同手术入路及内固定材料的选择。
结果与结论:胫骨平台后外侧骨折需遵循关节内骨折治疗原则,即修复关节面平整,恢复下肢力线,保留无痛的关节活动度。胫骨平台骨折分型主要有Schatzker分型、AO分型、“三柱理论”等,不论哪种分型均尚需完善。对于胫骨平台后外侧骨折的治疗入路选择要根据骨折的不同类型选择不同的入路。生物力学实验表明,后外侧支撑钢板的生物力学优势更明显,可以有效避免骨折块的剪切力造成的复位丢失。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-6030-5605(卢艳东)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 骨植入物, 胫骨平台骨折, 胫骨平台后外侧骨折, 骨折固定术, 手术入路, 骨折分型, 内固定材料, 生物力学, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Tibial plateau fractures involving the posterolateral articular surface present a great challenge due to its complex anatomy. The posterolateral corner complex and the proximity of the common peroneal nerve restrict both the exposure of the joint surface and the ability to distract across the joint using a varus force.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anatomy, morphology and classifications of the posterolateral fractures of the tibial plateau, and compare different surgical approaches and fixation materials.
METHODS: A computer-based research of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for the relative literatures published from 1990 to 2016 using the keywords of “tibial plateau, posterolateral fragment, fixation” in English and Chinese, respectively. The anatomy, morphology and typing of posterolateral fractures of the tibial plateau were analyzed and different surgical approaches and fixation materials were compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Posterolateral fractures of the tibial plateau should be treated in accordance with the intra-articular fracture principle, such as repairing joint surface to normal morphology, restoring the lower limb alignment, and maintaining joint mobility painlessly. Fractures are clarified according to Schatzker, AO, and three-column classification systems, but still need to be improved. To choose a proper surgical approach mainly depends on the fracture pattern. Biomechanics tests suggest that posterolateral locked plate exhibits excellent biomechanics characters, and can avoid the reduction loss caused by the shear force of fracture fragments. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Tibia, Fractures, Bone, Internal Fixators, Tissue Engineering

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