中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (22): 3445-3451.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.22.001

• 组织工程骨及软骨材料 tissue-engineered bone and cartilage materials •    下一篇

椎间置入充满碎骨的聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸腰椎间融合器与自体骨:影响脊柱节段稳定性吗?

宋宏阁1,李学涛2,郝光辉1,张勤安1,韩  冰1,陈  莉1,海玉杰1,刘华丰1,陈彦超1,王佳爽1 
  

  1. 1郑州市第六人民医院骨科,河南省郑州市  450000;2郑州市第十六人民医院骨科,河南省郑州市  450000
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-27 出版日期:2017-08-08 发布日期:2017-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 郝光辉,主治医师,郑州市第六人民医院骨科,河南省郑州市 450000
  • 作者简介:宋宏阁,男,1980年生,河南省商丘市人,汉族,2012年新乡医学院毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱相关疾病的研究。

Polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid lumbar interbody fusion cage full of broken bones versus autologous bone: an influence on the spinal stability?

Song Hong-ge1, Li Xue-tao2, Hao Guang-hui1, Zhang Qin-an1, Han Bing1, Chen Li1, Hai Yu-jie1, Liu Hua-feng1, Chen Yan-chao1, Wang Jia-shuang1 
  

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, the Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, the Sixteenth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2017-03-27 Online:2017-08-08 Published:2017-09-01
  • Contact: Hao Guang-hui, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Song Hong-ge, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸共聚物:由两种单体——乳酸和羟基乙酸随机聚合而成,是一种可降解的功能高分子有机化合物,具有良好的生物相容性、无毒、良好的成囊和成膜性能,被广泛应用于制药、医用工程材料和现代化工业领域。
脊柱稳定性:Write等(1987)最先提出脊柱稳定性的概念,认为在生理条件下脊柱各结构能够维持其相互间的正常位置关系,不会引起脊髓或者脊神经根的压迫和损害,称为“临床稳定”,而当脊柱丧失这一功能时,叫作“临床不稳定”。影响脊柱稳定性的因素包括4大类:结构性稳定器—椎体的形状与大小,关节面的形状、大小与方向;动力性稳定器—韧带、纤维环、关节面软骨;流体力学稳定器—髓核的膨胀度;随意性稳定器—整体运动肌和局部稳定肌。以上4种因素的病理改变都可导致脊柱稳定性的下降。
 
背景:随着生物降解材料在医学领域的广泛应用以及对生物力学研究的深入,传统的医学金属材料弊端日益显现。近年来,国内外研究员把焦点集中到以高分子聚乳酸为代表的可降解材料上,旨在脊柱失稳领域寻求新的突破。
目的:观察聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸腰椎间融合器在体内的生物力学变化,探讨其治疗脊柱节段失稳的可行性。
方法:将42只9月龄猪随机分为2组(n=21),均摘除 L4/5椎间盘髓核,实验组在椎间置入充满碎骨的聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸腰椎间融合器,对照组植入自体骨。术后4,12,72周拍摄X射线片观察手术节段的融合情况,通过脊柱三维运动实验检测融合节段的稳定性,组织学观察植骨融合及材料降解情况。
结果与结论:①影像学检查结果:术后4周,两组动物植骨区均未见融合迹象。术后12周,实验组可见融合器有增大迹象;对照组可见部分骨桥,其中有1例融合。术后72周,实验组可见融合器降解,有1例融合,对照组有2例融合;②生物力学测试结果:术后4周两组在各个状态下的脊柱活动度差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);术后72周大部分状态脊柱活动度较4周时显著减小;③组织学观察结果:随着时间的推移,实验组材料逐渐降解,新生骨组织生长先快后慢,实现逐步融合,融合效果与对照组相似;④结果表明,聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸腰椎间融合器具有良好的生物相容性,除个别状态(左屈)外其力学性能与自体骨相当,最大程度地重建了猪脊柱节段稳定性。

关键词: 生物材料, 骨生物材料, 聚乳酸聚酯, 腰椎间融合器, 脊柱节段失稳

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Along with the widespread application of biodegradable materials in the field of medicine and the in-depth research of biomechanics, the drawbacks of traditional medical metal materials are increasingly appearing. In recent years, researchers at home and abroad focus on biodegradable materials that are represented by high molecular polymer to seek new breakthroughs in the field of spinal instability.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate biomechanical changes of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid (PLGA) lumbar interbody fusion cage in the body and discusses its feasibility for treating segmental instability of the spine.
METHODS: Forty-two healthy pigs (9 months old) were randomly divided into two groups (n=21), and L4/5 intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus was removed in all animals. In experimental group, PLGA lumbar interbody fusion cage filled with broken bone was implanted; and in control group, autologous bone was implanted. X-ray was performed to observe the fusion of operation segments at 4, 12 and 72 weeks postoperatively. Feasibility of fibrous fusion was measured by biomechanical test. Histologically, bone graft fusion at the surgical site and material degradation were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Imaging examination: Bone graft fusion in two groups was not visible at 4 weeks after operation. Evidence of increasing fusion was found in the experimental group at 12 weeks after operation; a visible part of the bone bridge was found in the control group, in which there was one case of fusion. Degradation of the fusion cage with one case of fusion in experimental group was found after 72 weeks after operation, and two cases of fusion in the control group. (2) Biomechanical test: There was no difference in the spinal range of motion between the two groups in different states at 4 weeks after operation (P > 0.05). The spinal range values of motion at most of the states at 72 weeks after operation were significantly lower than those at 4 weeks after operation. (3) Cell histology observation: With the passage of time, the materials in the experimental group degraded gradually; new bone grew slowly and then fast, with bone fusion step by step. Fusion results were similar in the two groups. Our experimental findings indicate that the PLGA lumbar fusion cage has good biocompatibility. In addition to the individual state (left flexion), the mechanical properties of the fusion cage are similar to that of autogenous bone, and the fusion cage enables the segmental reconstruction of the pig spine to the maximum extent.

Key words: Polyglactin 910, Lumbar Vertebrae, Spinal Fusion, Tissue Engineering

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