中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (20): 3255-3262.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.20.022

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨关节炎发病机制和治疗的最新进展

郑晓芬   

  1. 深圳市龙华区人民医院,广东省深圳市   518109
  • 修回日期:2017-05-25 出版日期:2017-07-18 发布日期:2017-07-28
  • 作者简介:郑晓芬,女,1976年生,广东省龙川县人,汉族,2014年广东医学院护理专业毕业,主管护师,主要从事全科医学研究。
  • 基金资助:

    深圳市宝安区科技计划社会公益项目(2012233)

Pathogenesis and treatment of osteoarthritis: the latest progress

Zheng Xiao-fen   

  1. Longhua People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, Guangdong Province, China
  • Revised:2017-05-25 Online:2017-07-18 Published:2017-07-28
  • About author:Zheng Xiao-fen, Nurse-in-charge, Longhua People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Social Public Welfare Project of Science and Technology Plan of Baoan District in Shenzhen, No. 2012233

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
软骨细胞:
位于软骨陷窝内。幼稚的软骨细胞位于软骨组织的表层,单个分布,体积较小,呈椭圆形,长轴与软骨表面平行,越向深层的软骨细胞体积之间增大呈圆形,细胞核圆形或卵圆形,染色浅,细胞质弱嗜碱性,常见数量不一的脂滴。成熟的软骨细胞多2-8个成群分布于软骨陷窝内,这些软骨细胞由同一个母细胞分裂增殖而成,称为同源细胞群。电镜下,软骨细胞有突起和皱褶,细胞质内有大量的粗面内质网和发达的高尔基复合体及少量的线粒体。在组织切片中,软骨细胞收缩为不规则形,在软骨囊和细胞之间出现较大的腔隙。
生物型原子力显微镜(AFM):它主要由带针尖的微悬臂、微悬臂运动检测装置、监控其运动的反馈回路、使样品进行扫描的压电陶瓷扫描器件、计算机控制的图像采集、显示及处理系统组成。微悬臂运动可用如隧道电流检测等电学方法或光束偏转法、干涉法等光学方法检测,当针尖与样品充分接近相互之间存在短程相互斥力时,检测该斥力可获得表面原子级分辨图像,一般情况下分辨率也在纳米级水平。生物型原子力显微镜测量对样品无特殊要求,不需要对样品进行特殊处理,仅在大气环境下就可测量固体表面、吸附体系等,得到三维表面粗造度等信息。

 

摘要
背景:
关于骨关节炎的病因目前尚不完全明确,目前有大量关于软骨退变、软骨下骨退化、关节力学改变、神经传导异常等多种发病机制的研究,近年来对骨关节炎的各种致病因素有大量的研究。
目的:探讨骨关节发病机制和治疗方法的最新国内外进展。
方法:检索国内外关于骨关节炎的相关文献。中文检索词为“骨关节炎、机理、治疗和进展”等;英文检索词为“osteoarthritis、mechanism、therapy”等。对纳入的46条相关文献进行归纳总结。
结果与结论:①骨关节炎的发病和关节软骨及软骨下骨的退变、关节力学的改变及关节的疼痛均密切相关;②研究发现软骨浅表区组织会随着年龄发生巨大的变化,软骨浅表区的损伤容易导致骨关节炎;③骨关节炎的治疗应该基于以非药物和药物联合治疗为主转向预防为主,以降低患病风险和减缓疾病进展为目标;④肥胖是可以干预的最重要的危险因素;⑤骨关节炎防治指南推荐非类固醇类抗炎药作为一线治疗膝骨性关节炎的药,深海鱼油也并不能缓解膝骨关节炎的进展;⑥手术干预应避免用在骨关节炎的早期阶段,关节镜手术并不能治愈骨关节炎,严重骨关节炎应考虑关节置换治疗。

 

ORCID: 0000-0003-4049-3260(郑晓芬)

关键词: 组织构建, 骨组织工程, 骨关节炎, 软骨, 软骨下骨, 滑膜

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The etiology of osteoarthritis is not yet clear. There are a large number of studies on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, such as cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone degeneration, joint mechanical changes, and nerve conduction abnormality.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the latest advances in the pathogenesis and treatment methods of osteoarthritis at home and abroad.
METHODS: The literatures concerning osteoarthritis at home and abroad were searched using the keywords of “osteoarthritis, mechanism, therapy” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 46 eligible literatures were enrolled for overview.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The incidence of osteoarthritis is closely related to the degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, changes in joint mechanics and arthralgia. Superficial zone tissues of articular cartilage vary with age increasing, which is easy to cause osteoarthritis. The treatment should lay emphasis on prevention so as to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis and delay its progression, but not on the combination of non-drug and drug-based treatment. Notably, obesity is the most important risk factor for osteoarthritis. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug is the first choice for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis according to Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Fish oil cannot alleviate the progression of osteoarthritis. Surgical treatment is not recommended in the early osteoarthritis, osteoarthritis will not be cured completely through arthroscopic operation, and arthroplasty is recommended for those severe patients.

 

Key words: Osteoarthritis, Cartilage, Synovial Membrane, Tissue Engineering

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