中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (11): 1652-1657.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.11.003

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

全髋关节置换假体不同角度的生物力学特点

王春成,李明哲   

  1. 南阳医学高等专科学校,河南省南阳市  473000
  • 修回日期:2017-02-16 出版日期:2017-04-18 发布日期:2017-05-06
  • 作者简介:王春成,硕士,副教授,主要从事骨肿瘤基础研究。
  • 基金资助:

    河南省教育科学“十二五”规划2013年度课题( [2013]-JKGHB-0098)

Position and biomechanical characteristics of prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty

Wang Chun-cheng, Li Ming-zhe   

  1. Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473000, Henan Province, China
  • Revised:2017-02-16 Online:2017-04-18 Published:2017-05-06
  • About author:Wang Chun-cheng, Master, Associate professor, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473000, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Project of the 12th Five-Year Plan of Henan Provincial Educational Science in 2013, No. [2013]-JKGHB-0098

摘要:

文章快速阅读:


 
文题释义:
Von Mises 应力:是基于剪切应变能的一种等效应力,其含义是当单元体的形状改变比能达到一定程度,材料开始屈服。Von Mises于1913年提出了一个屈服准则,这个屈服准则被称为Von Mises屈服准则。它的内容是:当点应力状态的等效应力达到某一与应力状态无关的定值时,材料就屈服;或者说材料处于塑性状态时,等效应力始终是一不变的定值。在弹塑性有限元计算中,屈服准则的数学描述是整个计算的核心。因此有人将等效应力叫做Von Mises应力。
联合前倾技术:是全髋关节置换中的常用方法之一,该方法不仅保留传统关节置换中假体的前倾角和外展角,还能有效的提高手术成功率,保证机体具有稳定的生物力学。
 
摘要
背景:全髋关节置换是临床上常用的治疗方法,但是治疗时难以准确的判断出骨盆的准确方位,治疗后容易造成骨盆位置变动,并且植入假体后容易产生明显的角度偏差,难以判断假体的准确位置和方向。
目的:研究全髋关节置换假体位置的角度及生物力学特性。
方法:①对1名男性志愿者进行CT扫描,建立骨盆有限元模型,采用股骨柄前倾角为0°、20°和25°联合髋臼杯前倾35°、15°及10°三种不同的联合前倾技术进行全髋关节置换,给予240 N的力学加载,测定其峰值Von Mises应力;②取6具尸体标本,假体位置角度与志愿者相同,在240 N载荷下,利用电阻应变片技术测量股骨柄周缘骨皮质和髋臼前后壁应变情况。
结果和结论:①股骨柄前倾角为25°髋臼杯前倾10°下髋臼峰值Von Mises应力变化升高25.7%;股骨柄前倾角为0°髋臼杯前倾35°下髋臼杯峰值Von Mises应力为135.21 MPa;股骨柄前倾角为20°髋臼杯前倾15°下髋臼峰值Von Mises应力为68.3 MPa;股骨柄前倾角为25°髋臼杯前倾10°下髋臼杯峰值Von Mises应力为134.2 MPa;股骨柄前倾角为0°髋臼杯前倾35°下内衬峰值Von Mises应力为6.8 MPa;股骨柄前倾角为20°髋臼杯前倾15°下内衬峰值Von Mises应力为3.9 MPa;股骨柄前倾角为25°髋臼杯前倾10°下内衬峰值Von Mises应力为6.7 MPa;股骨柄前倾角为0°髋臼杯前倾35°下股骨柄峰值Von Mises应力为      127.1 MPa;股骨柄前倾角为20°髋臼杯前倾15°下股骨柄峰值Von Mises应力为100.2 MPa;股骨柄前倾角为25°髋臼杯前倾10°下股骨柄峰值Von Mises应力为128.2 MPa;②0°-35°和25°-10°股骨柄周缘骨皮质和髋臼前后壁应变,显著大于20°-15°。提示在股骨柄前倾20°联合臼杯前倾15°效果理想,有助于关节功能恢复。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-8769-4073(王春成)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 全髋关节置换, 假体位置, 生物力学特性, 有限元模型, CT扫描, 力学加载, Von Mises应力, 电阻应变片技术, 关节功能

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty is a commonly used treatment, but it is difficult to accurately determine the position of the pelvis, which is easy to cause pelvic displacement postoperatively. Additionally, the implant is likely to present with angle deviation, and the precise location and direction of prosthesis is difficult to identify.

OBJECTIVE: To study the position and biomechanical characteristics of prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty.
METHODS: (1) One male volunteer received CT examination, and a finite element model of the pelvic was established. Three acetabular placement positions (abduction angles of 0°, 20° and 25° combined with anteversion angles of 35°, 15° and 10°) were used to perform total hip arthroplasty, and the peak von Mises stress was detected under a load of 240 N. (2) Six cadaver specimens were collected and received the same interventions with the former experiment, and the stress changes at the bone cortex surrounding femoral shaft and acetabular anterior and posterior wall were measured using resistance strain technology.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The peak von Mises stress in the acetabulum at abduction angle of 25° combined with anteversion angle of 10° increased by 25.7%. The peak von Mises stress in the acetabular cup at abduction angles of 0°, 20° and 25° combined with anteversion angles of 35°,15° and 10° was 135.21, 68.3 and 134.2 MPa, respectively. The peak von Mises stress in the lining at abduction angles of 0°, 20° and 25° combined with anteversion angles of 35°,15° and 10° was 6.8, 3.9 and 6.7 MPa, respectively. The peak von Mises stress in the femoral shaft at abduction angles of 0°, 20° and 25° combined with anteversion angles of 35°,15° and 10° was 127.1, 100.2 and 128.2 MPa, respectively. (2) The stress at the bone cortex surrounding femoral shaft and acetabular anterior and posterior wall at abduction angles of 0° and 25° combined with anteversion angles of 35° and 10° was significantly higher than that at abduction angle of 20° combined with anteversion angle of 15°. To conclude, an abduction angle of 20° combined with anteversion angle of 15° is conductive for functional recovery of the joint. 

 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Hip Prosthesis, Biomechanics, Finite Element Analysis, Tissue Engineering

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