中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 975-979.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.06.027

• 生物材料学术探讨 biomaterial academic discussion • 上一篇    下一篇

植入式人工心脏起搏器:材料及材料相关并发症

陈  瑶,郝艳丽

 
  

  1. 辽宁省金秋医院心内科,辽宁省沈阳市  110002
     
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-02 出版日期:2017-02-28 发布日期:2017-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 郝艳丽,辽宁省金秋医院心内科,辽宁省沈阳市 110002
  • 作者简介:陈瑶,女,1975年生,辽宁省人,大连医科大学毕业,副主任医师,主要从事高血压、冠心病等老年心血管病研究。

Implantable artificial pacemaker: materials and material-related complications

Chen Yao, Hao Yan-li

 
  

  1. Department of Cardiology, Liaoning Jinqiu Hospital, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China
     
  • Received:2016-12-02 Online:2017-02-28 Published:2017-03-16
  • Contact: Hao Yan-li, Department of Cardiology, Liaoning Jinqiu Hospital, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Chen Yao, Associate chief physician, Department of Cardiology, Liaoning Jinqiu Hospital, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
人工心脏起搏器的适应证
:人工心脏起搏器最开始主要用于心动过缓和传导阻滞的治疗,发展至今天,植入式起博器的功能已超越了单纯抗心动过缓的范畴,其适应证扩展至纠正心律失常、心衰甚至其他全身疾病的治疗,包括起搏预防房颤、心力衰竭的起搏治疗、肥厚梗阻型心肌病、神经心源性晕厥、单纯长PR间期等。

背景:由于植入式人工心脏起搏器患者需要长期终身佩戴,所以起搏器与人体组织直接接触的材料的生物相容性非常重要。
目的:阐述植入式人工心脏起搏器材料进展及与材料相关并发症。
方法:检索万方数据库及PubMed数据库2000至2015年,与人工心脏起搏器材料及与材料相关并发症研究相关的文献,中文检索词为“心脏起搏器;材料;导线;电极;并发症”,英文检索词为“Pacemaker;Materials;Pacemaker leads;Pacemaker electrode;Complication”,以上检索词组合检索,筛选符合纳入标准的25篇文献进行总结。
结果与结论:人工心脏起搏器与人体组织直接接触的材料主要有封装脉冲发生器的钛金属外壳,电极导线包覆的绝缘材料硅胶、聚氨酯、环氧树脂等,以及电极材料碳、铂-铱合金、Elgilog合金等。虽然经几十年的临床应用证实,以上材料均具备良好的物理、化学特性,以及与人体的良好细胞相容性、电生理相容性和血液相容性,但材料相关的并发症如起博器接触性皮炎、导线断裂、脱位、心脏穿孔、导线路径中的静脉血栓、三尖瓣反流、放置脉冲发生器的囊袋感染和血肿等时有发生,因此,随着当今材料工程和微电子技术的迅猛发展,起搏器材料改性以及起搏系统工艺改进相关研究一直在进行,并且已经取得了长足的进展,而无导线起搏器的研制及临床应用可能是未来心脏起搏的发展方向。

关键词: 生物材料, 材料相容性, 心脏起搏器, 电极, 导线, 脉冲发生器, 钛, 硅胶, 聚氨酯, 并发症

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The implantable artificial pacemaker that needs long-term wear is in direct contact with human body tissue, and thus, biocompatibility of the materials is very important.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the material progress and material-related complications of implantable artificial pacemakers.
METHODS: Articles related to implantable artificial pacemaker materials and related complications were searched in Wanfang database and PubMed database from 2000 to 2015. The keywords were “pacemaker; materials; pacemaker leads; pacemaker electrode; complication” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally, 27 articles were included and summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The implantable artificial pacemakers are in direct contact with the body tissues through the titanium alloy shell covering the pulser, the electrode wire covering the silicone, polyurethane, epoxy resin, and the electrode materials (including carbon, platinum-iridium alloy, Elgilog alloy). These materials have good physical and chemical properties as well as good cytocompatibility, electrophysiological compatibility and blood compatibility with the human body that have been confirmed in the past decades. However, material-related complications often occur, such as contact dermatitis, wire breakage, dislocation, cardiac perforation, venous thrombosis and tricuspid regurgitation along the wire, capsular infection and hematoma when placing the pulser. With the rapid development of today’s microelectronic technology, research on the modification of pacemaker materials and the pacing system has been ongoing and has made considerable progress. Moreover, wireless pacemaker development and clinical application may be the future direction of development.

Key words: Pacemaker, Artificial, Biocompatible Materials, Tissue Engineering

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