中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (22): 3301-3307.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.22.015

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

胫骨假体旋转对线技术影响髌股关节生物力学的作用机制

刘 锴   

  1. 南阳医学高等专科学校第一附属医院骨科,河南省南阳市 473058
  • 修回日期:2016-04-20 出版日期:2016-05-27 发布日期:2016-05-27
  • 作者简介:刘锴,男,1971年生,河南省南阳市人,2007年华中科技大学同济医学院毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱关节方面的研究。

Action mechanism for effects of tibial rotational alignment technique on patellofemoral joint biomechanics

Liu Kai   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473058, Henan Province, China
  • Revised:2016-04-20 Online:2016-05-27 Published:2016-05-27
  • About author:Liu Kai, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473058, Henan Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

 
文题释义:
胫骨假体旋转对线技术:关节内的解剖参考标志线有胫骨后髁线、胫骨经髁线和胫骨中沟线,假体旋转对线会对置换过程中髌骨产生极大的影响,直接影响到其轨迹和功能。一旦出现假体旋转力线不良的情况,便极易导致各种不良后果的出现,影响到膝关节功能,且容易导致各种术后并发症的出现。
髌股关节:在人工膝关节置换后,髌股关节峰值接触压会对预后效果产生极大的影响。股骨滑车与髌骨关节面形态会对髌股接触面积产生一定的影响,如果二者的匹配程度较高,则相应的髌股接触面积便越大,对应的髌股接触压越小。反之,接触面积较小,产生的接触压较大。
 
摘要
背景:目前全膝关节置换过程中置放胫骨假体的解剖标志尚无金标准,为了达到最理想的胫骨假体旋转功能,必须作好置换前准备,了解各种胫骨假体旋转对线方法的优劣并合理选择应用。
目的:探讨胫骨假体旋转对线技术对髌股关节生物力学的影响及相关作用机制。

方法:收集10副人膝关节标本,制备实验平台,将标本固定在实验架上,实验架固定在材料测试仪上,进行力学实验,设置不同的膝关节屈曲角度,包括30°,60°,90°,120°。利用膝关节假体对标本进行关节置换,随机分为2组(n=5),分别采用胫骨结节技术及ROM技术确定胫骨假体的旋转对线。观察2组标本不同屈膝角度下髌股关节内侧、外侧峰值接触压与髌股接触面积变化情况,以及深屈膝角度下髌股内外侧部分接触面积变化。
结果与结论:①屈膝角度从30°增加到60°的过程中,2组的髌股关节内侧峰值接触压均呈现出不断增大的情况,之后逐渐下降,屈膝90°时接触压均达到最小值,之后逐渐增加,并在120°时均达到最大值。2组不同屈膝角度下的髌股关节内侧峰值接触压比较,差异均无显著性意义(P均> 0.05);②屈膝角度从30°增加到60°的过程中,2组的髌股关节外侧峰值接触压均呈现出不断减小的情况,之后逐渐上升。2组不同屈膝角度下的髌股关节外侧峰值接触压比较,差异均无显著性意义(P均> 0.05);③屈膝角度从30°增加到60°的过程中,2组髌股接触面积均呈现出减小的情况,之后逐渐增大。2组不同屈膝角度下的髌股接触面积比较,差异均无显著性意义(P均> 0.05);④在90°,120°屈膝状态下,2组髌股内、外侧接触部分面积比较差异均无显著性意义(P均> 0.05)。⑤结果显示,全膝关节置换过程中实施ROM技术或者胫骨结节技术确定胫骨假体旋转对线,均可以获得相当的髌股关节生物力学效果。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

ORCID: 0000-0001-7728-8637(刘锴)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 全膝关节置换, 髌股关节, 胫骨假体, 旋转对线, 生物力学, 作用机制

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: At present, the placement of tibial anatomic landmarks has no gold standard during total knee arthroplasty. In order to achieve the most ideal rotation function of the tibial prosthesis, we should do the preparation before surgery, understand tibial rotational alignment to rationally select and apply the prosthesis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of tibial rotational alignment technique on patellofemoral joint biomechanics and related mechanisms.
METHODS: Ten pairs of human knee joint specimens were collected to prepare experimental platform. Specimens were fixed on the experiment frame, which was fixed on the material testing instrument for mechanics experiment. We set different knee flexion angles, including 30°, 60°, 90° and 120°. Joint replacement was performed with the knee prosthesis. Samples were randomly assigned to two groups (n=5). Tibial nodule technology and ROM technology were used to identify rotational alignment of the tibial prosthesis. The medial and lateral patellofemoral joint contact pressure peak and patellofemoral contact area at different knee angles, and the medial and lateral parts of patellofemoral contact area at deep knee angles were observed in both groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During flexion angle from 30° to 60°, the peak contact pressure of medial patellofemoral joint increased, and decreased gradually in both groups. At flexion angle of 90°, contact pressure reached the minimum value, then increased gradually, and reached the maximum value at 120°. No significant difference in peak contact pressure of medial patellofemoral joint at different knee angles was detected between the two groups (all P > 0.05). (2) During flexion angle from 30° to 60°, peak contact pressure of lateral patellofemoral joint decreased constantly, and then gradually increased. No significant difference in peak contact pressure of lateral patellofemoral joint at different knee angles was detectable between the two groups (all P > 0.05). (3) During flexion angle from 30° to 60°, patellofemoral contact area decreased, and then increased gradually in both groups. No significant difference in patellofemoral contact area at different knee angles was identified between the two groups (all P > 0.05). (4) At 90° and 120°, no significant difference in the area of medial and lateral contact parts was determined between the two groups (all P > 0.05). (5) Experimental results showed that tibial nodule technology and ROM technology for identifying tibial rotational alignment during total knee arthroplasty can obtain considerable biomechanical effects of patellofemoral joint. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Prosthesis Implantation, Biomechanics, Tissue Engineering

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