中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (9): 1289-1294.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.09.011

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

椎弓根螺钉置入椎体深度与其稳定性的生物力学分析

杜 炜,钱明权   

  1. 南京医科大学附属无锡市第二人民医院骨科,江苏省无锡市 214002
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-25 出版日期:2016-02-19 发布日期:2016-02-19
  • 作者简介:杜炜,男,1973年生,1996年上海医科大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事关节、脊柱方面的研究。

Depth of pedicle screw into the vertebral body and its stability: a biomechanical analysis

Du Wei, Qian Ming-quan   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2016-01-25 Online:2016-02-19 Published:2016-02-19
  • About author:Du Wei, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:

椎弓根螺钉:不同于一般骨螺钉,基于椎弓根的解剖特性,置入螺钉必须位于正确的通道上,该技术对术者的操作要求较高,发生螺钉松动或脱出等概率较高,尤其用于骨质疏松的患者,其内固定效果更差。
椎弓根螺钉置入椎体深度:椎弓根螺钉进钉深度与内固定系统的稳定性呈正相关性,随着进钉深度增加,内固定系统的稳定性呈增高趋势。并且只有进钉深度足够,才能保证从椎弓根传递到脊柱的力量通过椎体的力学核心,抵抗了前柱损伤造成的轴向剪切力,有效提高了骨折后脊柱的稳定性。提示脊柱外科内固定手术中,在确认椎弓根螺钉不穿透椎体前缘皮质的前提下,应尽可能地增加进钉深度,以增加内固定的生物力学稳定性。

 

背景:椎弓根螺钉系统置入对于骨折复位或对力学稳定性的影响由多方面因素决定。椎弓根螺钉固定失败的原因主要是折断及疲劳松动,研究证明影响椎弓根螺钉生物力学稳定性的主要影响因素为其长度及直径,有关其置入深度的研究报道较少。
目的:基于生物力学分析椎弓根螺钉置入椎体深度与其固定稳定性的关系。
方法:在15个5月龄猪L2椎体标本上制作单椎体压缩骨折模型。根据椎体前后径长度,依次经骨折椎体上下椎弓根置入不同深度的螺钉,置钉深度分别为椎体前后径的80%,90%,100%。固定标本后,在WDT-10KN型万能材料试验机上,以频率为0.5 Hz(340±125) N的的载荷对标本进行10 000次疲劳实验。测量疲劳实验后各组标本前屈、后伸、左弯、右弯4个方向的活动度以及螺钉最大轴向拔出力大小,并比较各组间的差异。

结果与结论:①疲劳实验后各组标本前屈、后伸、左弯、右弯4个方向的活动度,置入100%组和置入90%组均显著小于置入80%组(P < 0.05),置入100%组显著小于置入90%组(P < 0.05)。②疲劳试验后各组螺钉最大拔出力,置入100%组和置入90%组显著大于置入80%组(P < 0.05),置入100%组显著大于置入90%组(P < 0.05)。③结果提示,椎弓根螺钉置入椎体的深度与其固定稳定性显著相关。椎弓根螺钉置入越深入,椎体稳定性越强,置入100%组> 90%组> 80%组。 

ORCID: 0000-0001-6482-1113 (杜炜)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 脊柱植入物, 椎弓根螺钉, 置入椎体深度, 内固定, 稳定性, 生物力学, 活动度, 轴向拔出力

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Effects of pedicle screw placement on fracture reduction or stability of mechanics are influenced by various factors. Pedicle screw fixation failure is mainly due to fracture, loosening and fatigue. The main influential factors for biomechanical stability of pedicle screw are length and diameter. The research on the depth is less. 
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between pedicle screw placement depth of vertebral body and the fixed stability based on the biomechanics.
METHODS: A model of single vertebral compression fractures was made in 15 pigs aged 5 months on L2 vertebral specimen. According to the length of anteroposterior diameter, vertebral pedicle screws were inserted in different depths (80%, 90% and 100% of anteroposterior diameter). After fixation, specimens were loaded 10 000 times at the frequency of 0.5 Hz (340±125) N on a WDT-10KN type universal material testing machine. Ranges of motion at anteflexion, backward extension, left bending and right bending and the maximum axial pullout force were measured in each group, and the difference of intergroup data was compared. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Ranges of motion at anteflexion, backward extension, left bending and right bending in each group were significantly smaller in the 100% and 90% groups than in the 80% group (P < 0.05), and above parameters were smaller in the 100% group than in the 90% group (P < 0.05). (2) After fatigue test, the maximum axial pullout force was significantly larger in the 100% and 90% groups than in the 80% group (P < 0.05), and above data were significantly larger in the 100% group than in the 90% group (P < 0.05). (3) Results indicate that the depth into the vertebral body was significantly associated with its fixed stability. The deeper the depth into the vertebral body, the stronger the vertebral stability was: 100% group > 90% group > 80% group.