中国组织工程研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (44): 7777-7784.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.44.020

• 器官移植综述 organ transplantation review • 上一篇    下一篇

实体器官移植后侵袭性肺曲菌病的CT表现

董  莘,李海斌   

  1. 解放军第309医院放射科,北京市  100091
  • 出版日期:2013-10-29 发布日期:2013-10-31
  • 通讯作者: 董莘,主任医师,解放军第309医院放射科,北京市 100091 dongxin1963@sina.com
  • 作者简介:董莘,男,1963 年生,辽宁省沈阳市人,汉族,1986年解放军第四军医大学毕业,主任医师,主要从事CT、MR影像诊断方面的研究。 dongxin1963@sina.com

CT manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after solid organ transplantation

Dong Xin, Li Hai-bin   

  1. Department of Radiology, the 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing  100091, China
  • Online:2013-10-29 Published:2013-10-31
  • Contact: Dong Xin, Chief physician, Department of Radiology, the 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China dongxin1963@sina.com
  • About author:Dong Xin, Chief physician, Department of Radiology, the 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China dongxin1963@sina.com

摘要:

背景:实体器官移植后肺部感染的发病率和死亡率居高不下,尤其是作为机会感染的曲菌,早期诊断侵袭性肺曲霉菌病是困难的。
目的:总结实体器官移植后侵袭性曲菌性肺炎的CT表现。
方法:以“实体器官移植/肾移植/肝移植/肺移植/心脏移植,曲菌,真菌,霉菌,肺,侵袭性,体层摄影术,X线计算机”为中文捡索词,以“solid organ transplantation/renal transplantation/liver transplantation/lung transplantation/heart transplantation, aspergillosis,fungus,mold,pulmonary invasive, tomography computerized”为英文检索词,检索维普和中国知网(CNKI)期刊全文数据库、Medline,highwire和外文生物医学期刊全文数据库(Foreign Journals Integration System)2001年1月至2012年10月有关肺曲菌感染和真菌或霉菌肺感染报告中主要涉及曲菌的侵袭性曲菌肺炎CT表现的临床报道。然后二次人工检索实体器官移植后,纳入有关实体器官移植后侵袭性曲菌肺炎CT表现的文献,排除重复性研究和不典型报道。
结果与结论:实体器官移植后侵袭性肺曲霉菌病典型的胸部CT表现包括结节、肿块、实变以及磨玻璃影。随感染时间依次出现晕征、反晕征、空洞和空气半月征。这些征象的发生率的不同可能与CT检查时间和早期抗真菌治疗已经真菌预防性治疗有关。有意义的结果是侵袭性肺曲霉菌病征象与患者预后的关系。无实变或肿块和小腔空洞存在可能与更好预后相关。大结节、多发梗死性实变、肾脏替代治疗和持久性的血清半乳甘露聚糖阳性是90 d的死亡率独立的预测因子。而代表出血的晕征与90 d的死亡率无关。尽管报告较少,用CT肺血管造影诊断侵袭性真菌性肺炎是有前景的诊断手段,可以早期发现反映侵袭性血管受累的血管闭塞征,其敏感性和特异性优于晕征,与血清曲菌半乳甘露聚糖试验近似。

关键词: 器官移植, 器官移植综述, 实体器官移植, CT测量, 侵袭性真菌性肺炎, 体层摄影术, X线计算机, 肾脏替代治疗, 肿块

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The morbidity and mortality of lung infection after solid organ transplantation remains high, especially the opportunistic aspergillosis infection. The early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is difficult.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the CT manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after solid organ transplantation.
METHODS: The VIP database, CNKI database, Medline database, Highwire database and Foreign Journals Integration System were retrieved with the key words of “solid organ transplantation/renal transplantation/liver transplantation/lung transplantation/heart transplantation, aspergillosis, fungus, mold, pulmonary invasive, tomography computerized” in Chinese and English for the articles published from January 2001 to October 2012. The clinical reports related with the CT manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis among the reports of pulmonary aspergillosis infections and the fungus or mold lung infections were selected. Secondary manual retrieval of solid organ transplantation was performed, and the literatures on the CT manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after solid organ transplantation were included. Reproductive research and atypical report were excluded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSlON: The typical chest CT manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after solid organ transplantation included nodules, masses, consolidations and ground-glass opacities. With infection time prolonged, the halo sign, reversed halo sign, cavitis and air crescent sign appeared successively. Different incidences of these signs may be associated with the time interval between onset to a CT examination, fungus preventive treatment time and early antifungal treatment. Meaningful results are the relationship between invasive pulmonary aspergillosis signs and the prognosis of patients. No consolidations or masses and presence of small cavitis may be related with a better prognosis. Greater nodules, multi-infarct consolidation, renal replacement therapy and persistent positive serum galactomannan is a 90-day independent predictor for mortality. Halo sign on behalf of bleeding has nothing to do with the 90-day mortality. Although the report is less, the CT pulmonary angiography is a promising diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of invasive fungal pneumonia, which can early detect the vascular occlusion used to reflect the invasive vascular involvement, and its sensitivity and specificity are better than the halo sign, and approximate to serum galactomannan test.

Key words: organ transplantation, pulmonary aspergillosis, angiography, bacterial infections, tomography, X-ray computed

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