关键词: 髋关节置换, 关节假体, 生物力学, 材料磨损, 假体松动, 人工假体

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: A correct prosthesis with good compatibility to the host is the key for the success of total hip arthroplasty, and it relates to the biomechanical properties and service life of artificial joint after replacement.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress about artificial hip joint prosthesis and to analyze the effect of artificial hip joint prosthesis design and interface stress on the compatibility of clinically used metal hip joint.
METHODS: An electronic retrieve was performed in Wanfang database from January 2000 to December 2011 for articles regarding the hip prosthesis materials and artificial hip replacement, key words were "hip joint, prosthesis, replacement, biomechanics" in Chinese. The repetitive studies, reviews or Meta analysis articles were excluded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Finally, 34 articles were involved into the evaluation. After total hip arthroplasty, biomechanical properties of artificial joint are closely related to its service life, prosthesis stress can be decomposed into normal stress and shear stress, the normal stress is beneficial for the prosthetic fixation and stress transfer, while the shear stress may lead to loosening of prosthesis. Common complications that influence the middle- and long-term effects after hip replacement include the changes of bone quality and bone mass surrounding the prosthesis, prosthetic loosening and dislocation, fracture around the prosthesis, material wearing and periprosthetic infection. Currently, there is no ideal prosthesis with a good biocompatibility and biomechanical compatibility, and further studies are required to conclusively determine the design, manufacture, wear resistance, interfacial stress and other biomechanical properties of artificial hip joint prosthesis, which all contribute to better adapt to the host.