中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (18): 2794-2799.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1697

• 组织工程骨及软骨材料 tissue-engineered bone and cartilage materials • 上一篇    下一篇

膝关节假体胫骨衬垫几何设计对其接触力学和运动的影响

王  猛，李  兴，成  博，王俊元，杜文华，刘  峰
  

  1. 中北大学机械工程学院，山西省太原市  030000
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-02 出版日期:2019-06-28 发布日期:2019-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 刘峰，教授，中北大学机械工程学院，山西省太原市 030000
  • 作者简介:王猛，男，1991年生，山西省大同市人，汉族，中北大学在读硕士，主要从事人工关节和生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(21604074)，项目负责人：成博

Effect of geometric design of tibial liner of knee prosthesis on its contact mechanics and kinematics

Wang Meng, Li Xing, Cheng Bo, Wang Junyuan, Du Wenhua, Liu Feng
  

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2019-02-02 Online:2019-06-28 Published:2019-06-28
  • Contact: Liu Feng, Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Wang Meng, Master candidate, School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 21604074 (to CB)

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摘要：

文章快速阅读：

 

文题释义：
冠状面形合度：形合度为两部件配合时的几何形状吻合的程度，形合度越高，两部件的几何形状越接近。此次实验通过设计不同冠状面几何参数的胫骨部件，改变人工膝关节假体股骨部件与胫骨部件的冠状面形合度，从而研究假体冠状面形合度对假体接触力学性能和运动性能的影响。
最大接触压力：是有限元软件根据2个接触面之间的接触位移和接触刚度计算得到的应力，此次实验通过设计出4组不同的几何参数人工膝关节几何模型，进行有限元分析，通过对比模型之间的最大接触压力来确定模型之间的接触性能及对假体磨损和寿命的影响。
 
 
背景：膝关节假体几何参数对置换膝关节运动性能和接触力学有十分重要的影响，也决定了膝关节假体的使用寿命。
目的：分析膝关节假体胫骨衬垫矢状面前端半径、矢状面后端半径、冠状面曲率半径对膝关节接触力学和运动学的影响。
方法：以美国强生骨科公司全膝关节置换产品DePuy PFC CR后交叉韧带保留型假体为标准模型，通过改变该膝关节假体胫骨衬垫的矢状面前端半径、矢状面后端半径及冠状面曲率半径分别建立胫骨冠状面半径增大假体三维实体模型、胫骨矢状面半径增大假体三维实体模型与胫骨冠状面后端半径增大假体三维实体模型，并建立力控制显示动态步态周期有限元模型，模拟膝关节置换后的步态周期运动，得出胫骨衬垫在一个步态周期中的最大接触压力、接触面积、胫骨前后位移和内外转角。
结果与结论：①与标准模型相比，减小冠状面形合度，胫骨衬垫的接触压力显著增大、接触面积显著减小，但减小矢状面形合度，最大接触压力和接触面积增加并不明显；②与标准模型相比，当胫骨衬垫前端曲率半径增大，胫骨的向后移动显著增加；当胫骨衬垫矢状面后端曲率半径增大时，胫骨的后移增加不明显；当胫骨衬垫前、后端曲率半径增大时，内转增大较明显，特别是在站立相阶段，最大转角从8°增至10°。胫骨衬垫冠状面曲率半径的增大对假体的运动性能影响并不明显；③结果表明，膝关节假体股骨髁与胫骨衬垫在冠状面内的形合度是影响胫骨衬垫接触面积、接触压力大小的主要几何参数，适当减小冠状面形合度不会对膝关节运动稳定性产生显著影响；假体矢状面曲率半径的一致性是影响膝关节运动的主要几何参数。

关键词: 全膝关节假体, 胫骨衬垫, 参数化设计, 有限元分析, 接触力学, 运动学, 假体磨损, 步态周期

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Geometric parameter of knee prosthesis makes important effect on sport performance and contact force, and decides the service life of knee prosthesis.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of anterior sagittal radius, the posterior sagittal radius and the coronal radius of curvature of the tibial liner of knee prosthesis on the contact mechanics and kinematics of the knee joint.
METHODS: The standard model based on the product of total knee arthroplasty DePuy PFC CR posterior cruciate ligament retained prosthesis from Johnson & Johnson’s Orthopaedic Company was applied. The three-dimensional solid model of tibia coronal radius enlargement prosthesis, tibia sagittal radius enlargement prosthesis and tibia coronal posterior radius enlargement prosthesis were established by changing the sagittal anterior radius, sagittal posterior radius and coronal curvature radius of tibial liner of the knee prosthesis. The force-controlled display dynamic gait cycle finite element was built to simulate the gait periodic motion after knee arthroplasty. The results of the maximum contact pressure, contact area, anterior and posterior displacement of tibial and internal and external rotation angle of the tibial pad during one gait cycle were obtained.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the standard model, the contact pressure of the tibial liner was increased significantly and the contact area was decreased obviously. But decreased sagittal conformity would not lead to significant increase in maximum contact pressure and contact area. (2) Compared with the standard model, a distinct tibial backward movement was observed when the anterior curvature radius of the tibial liner increased. A slight tibial backward movement was observed when the sagittal posterior curvature radius increased. The increased anterior and posterior curvature radii of tibial liner led to a significant internal rotation, especially for the standing stage when the maximum rotation angle reached to 10° from 8°. The increase in coronal curvature of the tibial liner showed an unnoticeable impact on the kinematic performance of the prosthesis. (3) These results showed that the conformity of femoral condyle of the knee joint prosthesis and tibial liner in coronal plane is the main geometric parameter affecting the contact area and contact pressure of the tibial liner. Decreasing the coronal conformity properly will not cause a significant impact on the stability of knee joint motion. The consistency of the sagittal curvature radius of the prosthesis is the main geometric parameter affecting knee joint motion.

Key words: total knee prosthesis, tibial liner, parametric design, finite element analysis, contact mechanics, kinematics, prosthesis wear, gait cycle

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