中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 368-373.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0032

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

人工全踝关节置换与踝关节融合治疗创伤性踝关节炎:疗效和安全性比较

许 骏,谢 林   

  1. 南京中医药大学附属省中西结合医院骨伤科,江苏省南京市 210000
  • 出版日期:2018-01-28 发布日期:2018-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 谢林,博士,主任医师,南京中医药大学附属省中西结合医院骨伤科,江苏省南京市 210000
  • 作者简介:许骏,男,1990年生,江苏省盐城市人,汉族,2017年南京中医药大学毕业,硕士,主要从事创伤与关节病研究。
  • 基金资助:

    江苏省中医药局科技项目(yb2015047)

Artificial ankle arthroplasty versus ankle joint fusion for traumatic ankle arthritis: efficacy and safety

Xu Jun, Xie Lin   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2018-01-28 Published:2018-01-28
  • Contact: Xie Lin, M.D., Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Xu Jun, Master, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Science and Technology Project of Chinese Medicine Bureau of Jiangsu Province, No. yb2015047

摘要:

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文题释义:
踝关节融合:是一种造成关节强直的手术,其具有终止病情、解除疼痛、纠正畸形、稳定关节的作用,费用较低,术后效果尚可,因此患者容易接受。虽然其也存在一定的弊端,如切口感染、融合不良、融合畸形等会影响手术的效果和患者术后踝关节的功能,但其仍是严重踝关节炎的标准治疗方式。微创踝关节融合是指在关节镜下进行关节融合术,由于术中不需剥离骨膜,因此对局部血运影响较小,可减少术中出血量,加速骨融合的速度。
人工全踝关节置换:早期由于假体材料、软组织处理技术不成熟、松动以及适应证不明确等原因,造成术后疗效不佳、手术失败率较高,限制了其在临床中的应用。近年来,随着假体材料、固定方式、手术入路方式的改善,人工全踝关节置换的手术成功率也逐渐提高,并且取得了满意的术后疗效,5年生存率高达90%以上。目前多项研究结果显示,人工全踝关节置换具有快速解除疼痛、改善关节活动障碍、提高患者预后生活质量等优点。
 
摘要
背景:目前人工全踝关节置换和关节镜踝关节融合均可用于治疗严重的创伤性关节炎,但是何种治疗方式可使患者获益更多尚无定论。
目的:探究人工全踝关节置换与踝关节融合在创伤性踝关节炎治疗中的临床疗效和安全性。
方法:回顾分析2012年1月至2015年12月南京中医药大学附属省中西结合医院收治的经保守治疗无效的创伤性踝关节炎患者64例64踝的病例资料,根据患者所接受的治疗方式将其分为观察组和对照组,其中观察组患者26例26踝行人工全踝关节置换,对照组患者38例38踝行踝关节融合。记录并比较2组患者手术情况、住院时间、术后并发症、翻修率、跛行率以及出院后随访情况,同时评估和比较2组患者的术前、术后踝关节Kofoed评分、目测类比评分以及美国矫形足踝协会踝-后足评分(AOFAS)情况。
结果与结论:①对照组患者的手术时间明显长于观察组(P < 0.05)。而观察组患者的术中出血量、手术费用和术后住院时间明显高于对照组(P < 0.05);②组内比较,2组患者术后6个月、1年Kofoed评分、目测类比评分、AOFAS评分均高于术前(P < 0.05);组间比较,2组患者术前Kofoed评分、目测类比评分、AOFAS评分差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);观察组患者术后6个月、1年的Kofoed评分和AOFAS评分均明显优于对照组(P < 0.05);2组患者术后6个月、1年的目测类比评分差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③对照组患者的术后感染率、切口愈合延迟率、纤维粘连和踝关节疼痛或肿胀率均明显低于观察组(P < 0.05);④对照组患者随访1年时的翻修率明显低于观察组,但轻度跛行率明显高于观察组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);⑤综上,关节镜下踝关节融合具有创伤小、费用低、术后住院时间短等优势,但其术后跛行率较高;人工全踝关节置换则在改善踝关节功能和活动度方面具有明显优势,但其术后翻修率和部分并发症发病率相对较高。因此,在实际应用过程中,应充分考虑患者病情、年龄以及经济情况等因素,选择最优的治疗方案,积极避免各种术后并发症,提高患者术后生活质量。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-3822-642X(许骏)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 人工全踝关节置换, 踝关节融合, 创伤性踝关节炎, 临床疗效, 安全性

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: At present, artificial ankle arthroplasty and arthroscopic ankle fusion can be used in the treatment of severe traumatic arthritis, but which kind of treatment can make patients more benefit is not conclusive.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of artificial ankle arthroplasty and ankle joint fusion in the treatment of traumatic ankle arthritis.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 64 ankles of 64 patients with traumatic ankle arthritis who were treated by conservative treatment in Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2012 to December 2015. They were divided into observation group and control group according to the surgical procedure accepted by the patients. In the observation group, 26 patients (26 ankles) underwent artificial ankle arthroplasty. In the control group, 38 patients (38 ankles) received ankle arthrodesis. The operation status, hospitalization time, postoperative complications, revision rate, limp rate and post-discharge follow-up were recorded and compared between the two groups. The preoperative and postoperative ankle Kofoed score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) score were evaluated and compared between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The operation time of the control group was significantly higher than that of the observation group (P < 0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, operation cost and postoperative hospital stay were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) The scores of Kofoed, VAS and AOFAS were significantly higher at 6 months and 1 year after operation than those before operation in the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of Kofoed, VAS and AOFAS between the two groups (P > 0.05). The Kofoed score and the AOFAS score were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group at 6 months and 1 year after operation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups at 6 months and 1 year after operation (P > 0.05). (3) The postoperative infection rate, incision healing rate, fibrous adhesions and ankle pain or swelling rate were significantly lower in the control group than those in the observation group (P < 0.05). (4)The revision rate of the control group was significantly lower than that of the observation group at 1 year, but the degree of mild claudication was significantly higher than that of the observation group (P < 0.05). (5) In conclusion, arthroscopic ankle joint fusion has the advantages of small trauma, low cost and short postoperative hospital stay, but it has higher limp rate after operation. Artificial ankle joint fusion has the advantages of improving ankle joint function and activity. However, its postoperative revision rate and the incidence of partial complications are relatively high. Therefore, in the practical application, we should take full account of the patient's condition, age and economic conditions, choose the optimal treatment program, and actively avoid all kinds of postoperative complications, and improve the quality of life after surgery.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Ankle, Arthrodesis, Prosthesis Implantation, Tissue Engineering

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