中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (35): 9269-9280.doi: 10.12307/2026.448

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

运动改善神经病理性疼痛:精准运动处方及多模态协同推进临床应用

郭  峰1,李  倩2,侯超文1,郭成吉3   

  1. 1齐鲁理工学院,山东省济宁市   273100‌;2曲阜市中医院,山东省济宁市   273100;3曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省济宁市   273165
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-18 修回日期:2026-01-27 出版日期:2026-12-18 发布日期:2026-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 郭成吉,硕士,教授,曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省济宁市 273165
  • 作者简介:郭峰,男,1988年生,山东省曲阜市人,硕士,讲师,主要从事体育教学和运动损伤康复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中国高等教育学会项目(24TY0211),项目负责人:郭峰

Exercise improves neuropathic pain: precision exercise prescription and multimodal synergy advance clinical applications

Guo Feng1, Li Qian2, Hou Chaowen1, Guo Chengji3   

  1. 1Qilu University of Technology, Jining 273100, Shandong Province, China; 2Qufu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jining 273100, Shandong Province, China; 3School of Physical Education Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Jining 273165, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-11-18 Revised:2026-01-27 Online:2026-12-18 Published:2026-04-29
  • Contact: Guo Chengji, MS, Professor, School of Physical Education Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Jining 273165, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Guo Feng, MS, Lecturer, Qilu University of Technology, Jining 273100, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    China Association of Higher Education Project, No. 24TY0211 (to GF) 

摘要:



文题释义:
神经病理性疼痛:是由神经损伤或功能异常引发的慢性疼痛,通常表现为自发性疼痛、触觉过敏及痛觉过敏。与常见的伤害性疼痛不同,神经病理性疼痛通常不伴随明显的外部组织损伤,而是表现为由神经系统的异常兴奋性或损伤所引起的疼痛信号持续和过度传递。神经病理性疼痛不仅会影响患者的生理健康,还会降低生活质量,并产生抑郁、焦虑等心理问题。
精准运动处方:是依据个体特征所制定的运动干预方案,目的在于提升运动方案的治疗效果。在神经病理性疼痛的治疗中,精准运动处方通过对运动强度、频率、类型等的调节,针对性地调控神经系统的重要生理机制,如减轻神经炎症、恢复神经功能、改善神经递质平衡等。与传统的“一刀切”式运动干预不同,精准运动方案更加关注个体差异和运动效果的客观量化分析,可实现疼痛的有效缓解和功能恢复。

背景:神经病理性疼痛是躯体感觉神经系统直接损伤或功能异常所引发的一类慢性疼痛病症,临床症状表现为自发性疼痛、触觉过敏等,且难以通过传统药物治疗进行有效控制。神经病理性疼痛的发病机制涉及神经元超兴奋性、胶质细胞激活、神经递质失衡、免疫反应及氧化应激等多个生理进程。现有药物及侵入性治疗方法通常伴随不良反应,也存在明显的疗效局限。因此,探索安全有效的非药物干预方式,尤其是依托运动干预改善神经病理性疼痛,已成为神经疼痛领域的重要研究内容。 
目的:旨在梳理神经病理性疼痛发生机制的研究进展,分析运动干预改善神经病理性疼痛的潜力与作用机制,展现出运动作为非药物干预策略的临床应用前景,并强调未来研究的重点方向。
方法:检索PubMed、中国知网等数据库,中文检索词:神经病理性疼痛,神经性疼痛,神经损伤后疼痛,运动,体育活动,有氧运动,力量训练,瑜伽,发病机制,炎症,神经递质,神经营养因子,氧化应激,康复;英文检索词:neuropathic pain,nerve injury pain,exercise,physical activity,aerobic exercise,resistance training,yoga,pathogenesis,inflammation,neurotransmitter,neurotrophin,oxidative stress,rehabilitation。最终纳入139篇文献,围绕神经病理性疼痛的核心机制进行分析,重点探讨运动通过多靶点、多通路协同缓解神经病理性疼痛的作用机制。
结果与结论:神经病理性疼痛的发病机制包括神经元超兴奋性、胶质细胞激活、神经递质失衡、免疫炎症反应及氧化应激对神经的损伤。运动干预通过调节神经递质释放、促进神经营养因子表达、抑制炎症反应及减轻氧化应激反应等,缓解神经病理性疼痛。具体来讲,运动可上调脑源性神经营养因子、神经生长因子等神经营养因子的表达,抑制肿瘤坏死因子α等促炎因子释放,进一步调控神经病理性疼痛发展的核心通路;运动还通过调节内源性阿片系统产生镇痛作用。不同类型运动对神经病理性疼痛的具体缓解作用机制需进一步探究,个性化运动处方设计与运动参数优化还面临着许多挑战。未来研究需着重构建与验证运动处方,明晰运动与药物联合治疗的协同效应,以期为神经病理性疼痛临床治疗发展的推动提供支持。

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9495-9814 (郭峰);https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9117-3325 (郭成吉)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 神经病理性疼痛, 运动, 发病机制, 神经递质, 炎症, 氧化应激

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition caused by direct damage or functional abnormalities in the somatic sensory nervous system. Its clinical manifestations include spontaneous pain and tactile hypersensitivity, which are difficult to control effectively with traditional drug therapies. The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain involves multiple physiological processes, including neuronal hyperexcitability, glial cell activation, neurotransmitter imbalance, immune responses, and oxidative stress. Existing medications and invasive treatments often carry side effects and exhibit significant limitations in efficacy. Therefore, exploring safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions, particularly exercise-based interventions for improving neuropathic pain, has become a critical research focus in the field of neuropathic pain. 
OBJECTIVE: To review advances in understanding the mechanisms of neuropathic pain, analyze the potential and mechanisms of exercise intervention in alleviating neuropathic pain, demonstrate the clinical application prospects of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention strategy, and highlight key directions for future research.
METHODS: Relevant literature was retrieved from databases including PubMed and CNKI using the keywords of “neuropathic pain, neurogenic pain, post-neuropathic pain, exercise, physical activity, aerobic exercise, strength training, yoga, pathogenesis, inflammation, neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress, rehabilitation” in Chinese and “neuropathic pain, nerve injury pain, exercise, physical activity, aerobic exercise, resistance training, yoga, pathogenesis, inflammation, neurotransmitter, neurotrophin, oxidative stress, rehabilitation” in English. A total of 139 studies were ultimately included in the analysis, focusing on the core mechanisms of neuropathic pain. The review specifically examined the mechanisms by which exercise alleviates neuropathic pain through multi-targeted, multi-pathway synergistic effects.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain involves neuronal hyperexcitability, glial cell activation, neurotransmitter imbalance, immune-inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress-induced nerve damage. Exercise intervention relieves pain by regulating pathways such as modulating neurotransmitter release, promoting neurotrophic factor expression, suppressing inflammatory responses, and mitigating oxidative stress. Specifically, exercise can upregulate neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor, while inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor, thereby modulating core pathways in neuropathic pain development. Simultaneously, it produces analgesic effects by modulating the endogenous opioid system. However, the specific mechanisms by which different exercise modalities alleviate neuropathic pain require further investigation. Significant challenges remain in designing personalized exercise prescriptions and optimizing exercise parameters. Future research should focus on developing and validating exercise protocols, clarifying synergistic effects of exercise combined with pharmacotherapy, and thereby advancing clinical treatment for neuropathic pain.


Key words: neuropathic pain, exercise, pathogenesis, neurotransmitters, inflammation, oxidative stress

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