中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (31): 8210-8218.doi: 10.12307/2026.437
• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇 下一篇
张恩祈1,吴宏伟1,巫成良1,杨天琪1,唐伟杰1,王雯慧1,于泽铭1,张艳文2,王悦冰1,3
收稿日期:2025-11-06
接受日期:2026-01-29
出版日期:2026-11-08
发布日期:2026-05-25
通讯作者:
王悦冰,博士,教授,南开大学医学院,天津市 300071;南开大学附属第一中心医院,天津市 300192
作者简介:张恩祈,女,2004年生,甘肃省永登县人,汉族,南开大学临床医学专业本科在读,主要从事工程化细胞外囊泡改善心血管疾病的研究。
基金资助:Zhang Enqi1, Wu Hongwei1, Wu Chengliang1, Yang Tianqi1, Tang Weijie1, Wang Wenhui1, Yu Zeming1, Zhang Yanwen2, Wang Yuebing1, 3
Received:2025-11-06
Accepted:2026-01-29
Online:2026-11-08
Published:2026-05-25
Contact:
Wang Yuebing, MD, Professor, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China; First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
About author:Zhang Enqi, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
Supported by:摘要:
文题释义:
细胞外囊泡:是由细胞主动分泌的磷脂双分子层囊泡,在细胞间通讯中具有重要作用,参与调节多种生理与病理过程。根据生物发生机制及粒径差异,细胞外囊泡主要分为:外泌体(40-100 nm)、微囊泡( > 100-1 000 nm)和凋亡小体(50-5 000 nm)。细胞外囊泡通过选择性递送蛋白质、核酸、脂质等生物活性分子,实现靶细胞功能的精准调控。细胞外囊泡表面富集四跨膜蛋白(如CD9/CD63)、整合素等靶向黏附分子,内部腔室通过磷脂双分子层稳定封装核酸等大分子,提供天然抗酶解保护,并支持高效跨越血脑屏障等。基于上述天然递送优势,通过工程化改造可进一步强化细胞外囊泡的靶向精准性及载物效率,使细胞外囊泡成为极具前景的基因治疗递送平台。结果与结论:①细胞外囊泡具备递送多类生物活性分子的固有特性,包括信使RNA、小干扰RNA、脱氧核糖核酸及功能性蛋白质,通过调控受体细胞基因表达与蛋白功能,为精准基因治疗提供新型递送平台;②通过内源性策略(供体细胞基因改造等)与外源性策略(分离后物理/化学修饰等)的系统性工程化改造,可显著提升细胞外囊泡对治疗性分子的装载效率与载量稳定性,克服天然细胞外囊泡载药能力不足的局限;③经靶向配体(如肽段、抗体片段)及表面稳定性修饰(如CD47过表达)的工程化细胞外囊泡,能有效增强病灶组织特异性富集、延长体内循环半衰期并降低系统清除率,为拓展临床转化应用奠定基础。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6988-0788 (王悦冰)
中图分类号:
张恩祈, 吴宏伟, 巫成良, 杨天琪, 唐伟杰, 王雯慧, 于泽铭, 张艳文, 王悦冰. 细胞外囊泡作为基因治疗载体:工程化策略、机制优势及临床应用[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(31): 8210-8218.
Zhang Enqi, Wu Hongwei, Wu Chengliang, Yang Tianqi, Tang Weijie, Wang Wenhui, Yu Zeming, Zhang Yanwen, Wang Yuebing. Extracellular vesicles as gene therapy vectors: engineering strategies, mechanistic advantages, and clinical applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(31): 8210-8218.






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1.1.7 检索策略 PubMed数据库检索策略见图1。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
文题释义:
细胞外囊泡:是由细胞主动分泌的磷脂双分子层囊泡,在细胞间通讯中具有重要作用,参与调节多种生理与病理过程。根据生物发生机制及粒径差异,细胞外囊泡主要分为:外泌体(40-100 nm)、微囊泡( > 100-1 000 nm)和凋亡小体(50-5 000 nm)。细胞外囊泡通过选择性递送蛋白质、核酸、脂质等生物活性分子,实现靶细胞功能的精准调控。细胞外囊泡表面富集四跨膜蛋白(如CD9/CD63)、整合素等靶向黏附分子,内部腔室通过磷脂双分子层稳定封装核酸等大分子,提供天然抗酶解保护,并支持高效跨越血脑屏障等。基于上述天然递送优势,通过工程化改造可进一步强化细胞外囊泡的靶向精准性及载物效率,使细胞外囊泡成为极具前景的基因治疗递送平台。
基因治疗:是指将外源正常基因序列导入靶细胞,取代患者体内的缺陷DNA序列,纠正或补偿因基因缺陷和异常引起的疾病,从而达到治疗目的。该技术在遗传性疾病、恶性肿瘤及自身免疫性疾病等难治性疾病中已证实治疗潜力。对于传统疗法难治的疾病,基因治疗提供了新的治疗选择。
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中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
细胞外囊泡作为基因治疗载体的研究,已成为生物医学工程领域的前沿热点。近年来,相关研究聚焦于通过工程化改造提升细胞外囊泡的靶向性和载药效率,如通过表面展示靶向肽(如iRGD)或抗体片段增强组织特异性递送,以及利用膜融合技术开发细胞外囊泡-脂质体杂交载体以优化大分子装载。当前该领域面临的挑战包括规模化生产的标准化体系建立、批次间异质性控制及冻存稳定性提升。未来趋势将结合人工智能设计智能响应型细胞外囊泡载体,并探索其在组织再生中的协同治疗潜力。本综述系统梳理了细胞外囊泡载体从基础机制到临床转化的全链条进展,为领域内创新研究提供理论支撑。
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中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
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