中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (20): 5167-5177.doi: 10.12307/2026.331

• 纳米生物材料 nanobiomaterials • 上一篇    下一篇

钛种植体二氧化钛纳米管与聚多巴胺复合涂层的构建及成骨活性

孙丹鹤1，郭小灵2，赵领洲3   

  1. 1西北大学生命科学学院，陕西省西安市   710069；2安徽医科大学第五临床医学院，安徽省合肥市   230032；3空军特色医学中心口腔科，北京市   100142
  • 接受日期:2025-04-03 出版日期:2026-07-18 发布日期:2025-11-24
  • 通讯作者: 赵领洲，博士，副主任医师，硕士生导师，空军特色医学中心口腔科，北京市 100142
  • 作者简介:孙丹鹤，女，2000年生，山东省济宁市人，汉族，在读硕士，主要从事生物医用材料方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    空军特色医学中心快响研究基金项目(2024ZXKXKT012)，项目负责人：赵领洲

Construction and osteogenic activity of titanium dioxide nanotube and polydopamine composite coating on titanium implants

Sun Danhe1, Guo Xiaoling2, Zhao Lingzhou3   

  1. 1School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China; 3Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China
  • Accepted:2025-04-03 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2025-11-24
  • Contact: Zhao Lingzhou, PhD, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China
  • About author:Sun Danhe, Master candidate, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Rapid Response Research Fund Project of Air Force Medical Center, No. 2024ZXKXKT012 (to ZLZ)

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摘要：

文题释义：
二氧化钛纳米管：一种通过阳极氧化工艺在抛光钛基底表面制备的均匀纳米级管状结构。通过调控阳极氧化处理的时间参数及电压强度可精确调控纳米管的管体长度与管壁厚度。得益于纳米管特有的中空结构，其内腔可负载缓释型生物活性物质，这一特性使它在钛种植体表面生物功能化修饰领域展现出广阔的应用前景。
聚多巴胺：一种仿生型黑色素类似物，通过多巴胺单体在弱碱性富氧条件下的氧化自聚合过程形成。聚多巴胺展现出独特的理化特性，涵盖优良的生物相容性、普适性界面黏附力、高效光热转换效率以及自由基清除能力。聚多巴胺分子结构中含丰富的邻苯二酚/醌基团，因此，基于聚多巴胺的仿生表面工程策略能够实现生物活性分子的定向固定，现已成为生物医学材料界面功能化领域的关键修饰技术。

背景：钛及其合金以良好的力学性能和生物相容性在口腔种植及骨缺损修复领域得到广泛应用，然而，钛表面生物惰性导致的骨结合效能不足仍是制约它长期稳定性的关键临床问题。因此，通过表面改性提高钛的成骨活性显得尤为重要。
目的：探究钛表面二氧化钛纳米管和聚多巴胺复合涂层的体外成骨性能。
方法：采用阳极氧化法在医用纯钛表面构建二氧化钛纳米管阵列，记为纳米管组；将纳米管试样浸泡于盐酸多巴胺溶液中构建聚多巴胺功能层，记为纳米管-聚多巴胺组。检测纯钛组、纳米管组、纳米管-聚多巴胺组试样的表面形貌、表面粗糙度与水接触角。将第3代大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分别接种于3组试样表面，进行CCK-8、活/死荧光染色与扫描电镜检测；成骨诱导培养后，进行碱性磷酸酶染色与茜素红S染色。
结果与结论：①扫描电镜下可见纯钛组试样表面较为平坦，纳米管组试样表面形成了高度有序的二氧化钛纳米管阵列结构，纳米管-聚多巴胺组试样纳米管表面沉积聚多巴胺涂层。3组试样表面粗糙度比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。纳米管组水接触角小于纯钛组、纳米管-聚多巴胺组(P < 0.05)，纳米管-聚多巴胺组水接触角小于纯钛组(P < 0.05)。②CCK-8检测与活/死荧光染色结果显示，纯钛组、纳米管组、纳米管-聚多巴胺组试样均具有良好的生物相容性，无明显细胞毒性。扫描电镜检测显示，相较于纯钛组、纳米管组，纳米管-聚多巴胺促进了大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的伸展和细胞间黏附。③碱性磷酸酶染色结果显示，纳米管-聚多巴胺组碱性磷酸酶活性高于纯钛组、纳米管组(P < 0.05)。茜素红S染色结果显示，纳米管-聚多巴胺组细胞外基质矿化水平强于纯钛组、纳米管组(P < 0.05)。结果表明，纯钛表面二氧化钛纳米管-聚多巴胺复合涂层修饰钛可有效促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2333-0557 (孙丹鹤) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料；口腔生物材料；纳米材料；缓释材料；材料相容性；组织工程

关键词: 钛, 表面改性, 聚多巴胺, 二氧化钛, 纳米管, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 成骨分化, 生物相容性

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Titanium and its alloy are widely used in the field of oral implant and bone defect repair with its good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, insufficient osseobinding efficacy due to biological inertia of material surfaces remains a key clinical problem restricting their long-term stability. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the osteogenic activity of titanium through surface modification.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the in vitro osteogenic properties of titanium surface titanium dioxide nanotubes and polydopamine composite coating.
METHODS: Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays were constructed on the surface of medical pure titanium by anodic oxidation, which was recorded as nanotube group. The nanotube samples were immersed in hydrochloric acid dopamine solution to construct polydopamine functional layer, which was recorded as nanotube-polydopamine group. The surface morphology, surface roughness, and water contact angle of the pure titanium group, nanotube group, and nanotube-polydopamine group were detected. Passage 3 rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the surface of the three groups of samples. CCK-8 assay, live/dead fluorescence staining, and scanning electron microscopy were performed. After osteogenic induction culture, alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin Red S staining were performed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of the pure titanium group was relatively flat. The surface of the nanotube group formed a highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube array structure, and the surface of the nanotubes of the nanotube-polydopamine group was deposited with a polydopamine coating. There was no significant difference in the surface roughness of the three groups of samples (P > 0.05). The water contact angle of the nanotube group was smaller than that of the pure titanium group and the nanotube-polydopamine group (P < 0.05), and the water contact angle of the nanotube-polydopamine group was smaller than that of the pure titanium group (P < 0.05). (2) CCK-8 assay and live/dead fluorescence staining results showed that samples from the pure titanium group, nanotube group, and nanotube-polydopamine group all had good biocompatibility and no obvious cytotoxicity. Scanning electron microscopy showed that compared with the pure titanium group and the nanotube group, the nanotube-polydopamine group promoted the extension and cell-to-cell adhesion of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (3) The results of alkaline phosphatase staining showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity of the nanotube-polydopamine group was higher than that of the pure titanium group and the nanotube group (P < 0.05). The results of Alizarin Red S staining showed that the extracellular matrix mineralization level of the nanotube-polydopamine group was stronger than that of the pure titanium group and the nanotube group (P < 0.05). The results show that titanium modified with titanium dioxide nanotube-polydopamine composite coating on the surface of pure titanium can effectively promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. 

Key words: titanium, surface modification, polydopamine, titanium dioxide, nanotube, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, osteogenic differentiation, biocompatibility

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