中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (13): 3424-3434.doi: 10.12307/2026.325

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

基因转染技术与组织纤维化修复

吴显元1,张霓霓1,黄桂林2   

  1. 1遵义医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科,贵州省遵义市   563000;2遵义医科大学第五附属医院,广东省珠海市   519000
  • 接受日期:2025-07-04 出版日期:2026-05-08 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 张霓霓,硕士,副教授,遵义医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:吴显元,男,1999年生,贵州省独山县人,布依族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事口腔颌面部放射性组织损伤的修复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81860198),项目负责人:张霓霓;国家自然科学基金项目(81960204),项目负责人:黄桂林

Gene transfection technology and tissue fibrosis repair

Wu Xianyuan1, Zhang Nini1, Huang Guilin2   

  1. 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; 2The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-07-04 Online:2026-05-08 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: Zhang Nini, MS, Associate professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Wu Xianyuan, Master candidate, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81860198 (to ZNN); National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81960204 (to HGL)

摘要:

文题释义:

基因转染:是指通过物理、化学或生物手段将外源基因(如DNA或RNA)人工导入真核细胞内的技术,以实现目的基因在宿主细胞中的表达或功能研究。
组织纤维化:是指因慢性损伤或炎症导致组织内细胞外基质异常沉积、结构硬化的病理过程,本质为修复失衡引起的瘢痕化反应。常见于肝脏、肺、肾脏、心脏等器官,可进展为肝硬化、肺纤维化、肾纤维化等终末期病变。

摘要
背景:近年来研究发现外泌体在组织损伤修复领域具有巨大潜力,作为天然纳米级囊泡载体,外泌体具有低免疫原性与较好的生物相容性等优点,在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用,基因工程化细胞通过旁分泌作用发挥组织修复功能已成为目前研究者们关注的重点。
目的:总结基因转染技术在肺、肝、心脏、肾、唾液腺纤维化修复中的作用,展望工程化外泌体的未来研究方向与发展趋势。
方法:在PubMed数据库中以“gene transfection,gene therapy,transfection,tissue fibrosis,mechanism of fibrosis,radiation-induced salivary gland injury,repair”为关键词进行检索,在CNKI数据库中以“基因转染,基因治疗,组织纤维化,纤维化的机制,放射性唾液腺损伤,组织修复”为关键词进行检索,通过快速浏览文章题目及摘要进行筛选,排除与主题关系不密切的文章,最终筛选出80篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①通过基因工程化干细胞、基因工程化干细胞衍生外泌体将外源基因导入目的细胞可以发挥抗细胞凋亡、抗炎、抗纤维化等作用,在修复肺、肝、心脏、肾、唾液腺纤维化损伤疾病中发挥重要作用;②外泌体作为一种天然的纳米级细胞间通讯载体,因其优异的生物相容性、低免疫原性和高效的细胞摄取能力,逐渐成为基因治疗的新型载体;基因工程化干细胞衍生外泌体克服了传统干细胞移植过程中细胞寿命有限、细胞植入效率低以及细胞移植可能带来的免疫排斥反应和肿瘤形成风险等,具有更高的安全性和更有效的靶向递送能力;③通过基因工程、化学修饰等手段增强外泌体的靶向性,并结合基于微流控的分离技术和跨学科治疗策略进一步提高了治疗效果;但目前运用基因工程化细胞并使其通过旁分泌作用发挥组织修复作用的研究较少,且多数为体外实验研究或小动物模型研究,缺乏大动物模型和长期安全性评估数据,未来仍需加强临床转化研究进一步验证其治疗安全性和长期有效性。

关键词: 纤维化, 肌成纤维细胞, 基因治疗, 基因转染, 组织修复, 外泌体, 旁分泌, 外泌体靶向修饰

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, studies have found that exosomes have great potential in the field of tissue injury repair. As natural nanoscale vesicle carriers, they have the advantages of low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility, and play an important role in intercellular communication. Engineering cells genetically and enabling them to exert tissue repair functions through paracrine action has become a focus of current researchers.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the role of gene transfection technology in the repair of pulmonary, hepatic, cardiac, renal, and salivary gland fibrosis, and to prospect the future research directions and development trends of engineered exosome.
METHODS: Relevant literature searches were conducted in the PubMed database using keywords such as “gene transfection, gene therapy, transfection, tissue fibrosis, mechanism of fibrosis, radiation-induced salivary gland injury, repair,” and in the CNKI database using keywords such as “gene transfection, gene therapy, tissue fibrosis, fibrosis mechanisms, radiation-induced salivary gland injury, tissue repair.” Through rapid review of article titles and abstracts, articles that were not closely related to the topic were excluded. Finally, 80 articles were selected for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exogenous genes were introduced into the target cells through genetically engineered stem cells and exosomes derived from genetically engineered stem cells, which can play the role of anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis, and play an important role in the repair of lung, liver, heart, kidney and salivary gland fibrosis injury diseases. (2) As a natural nano scale intercellular communication carrier, exosomes have gradually become a new carrier for gene therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and high cellular uptake ability. The exosome based on genetic engineering stem cells overcomes the limitations of cell life, low efficiency of cell implantation, and the risk of immune rejection and tumor formation caused by cell transplantation during traditional stem cell transplantation, and has higher safety and more effective targeted delivery ability. (3) The targeted technology of exosomes enhances its targeting by means of genetic engineering and chemical modification, and further improves the therapeutic effect by the separation technology based on microfluidic and interdisciplinary joint treatment strategy. However, at present, there are few studies on the use of genetically engineered cells to play the role of tissue repair through paracrine, and most of them are only based on in vitro experimental studies or in small animal models, lacking large animal models and long-term safety evaluation data. In the future, it is still necessary to strengthen clinical transformation research to further verify its treatment safety and long-term effectiveness.

Key words: fibrosis, myofibroblasts, gene therapy, gene transfection, tissue repair, exosomes, paracrine, exosome targeted modification

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