中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 2097-2104.doi: 10.12307/2025.408

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

场驱动医疗微机器人:材料制备工艺不断优化的应用前景

肖文谦1,韩宏娟1,杨淏程1,李  波1,何彬艳2   

  1. 1重庆科技大学纳微生物医学检测技术重庆市工程实验室,重庆市   401331;2绵阳市肿瘤医院手术室,四川省绵阳市   621000
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-19 接受日期:2024-03-09 出版日期:2025-04-08 发布日期:2024-08-22
  • 通讯作者: 李波,教授,重庆科技大学纳微生物医学检测技术重庆市工程实验室,重庆市 401331 何彬艳,副主任护师,绵阳市肿瘤医院手术室,四川省绵阳市 621000
  • 作者简介:肖文谦,男,1982年生,四川省达州市人,汉族,博士,副教授,主要从事水凝胶与软体机器人研究。
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0360),项目负责人:李波;重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0707),项目负责人:肖文谦;重庆市教委科学技术项目(KJZD-K202301503),项目负责人:李波;重庆市教委科学技术项目(KJQN202101534),项目负责人:肖文谦;重庆市高等教育学会 2023-2024 年度高等教育科学研究课题(cqgj23114C),项目负责人:李波

Field-driven medical micro-robots: application prospect of continuously optimizing material preparation process

Xiao Wenqian1, Han Hongjuan1, Yang Haocheng1, Li Bo1, He Binyan2   

  1. 1Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; 2Operating Room, Mianyang Cancer Hospital, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2024-01-19 Accepted:2024-03-09 Online:2025-04-08 Published:2024-08-22
  • Contact: Li Bo, Professor, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China Corresponding author: He Binyan, Associate chief nurse, Operating Room, Mianyang Cancer Hospital, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Xiao Wenqian, PhD, Associate professor, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
  • Supported by:
    Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (General Project), No. cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0360 (to LB); Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (General Project), No. cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0707 (to XWQ); Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, No. KJZD-K202301503 (to LB); Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, No. KJQN202101534 (to XWQ); 2023-2024 Higher Education Science Research Project of Chongqing Higher Education Association, No. cqgj23114C (to LB) 

摘要:

文题释义:
场驱动微机器人:是指尺寸通常在1 nm到1 mm之间,能够将外部能量转化为机械能的小型功能材料器件,可以在各种复杂环境甚至生物体内进行可控运动并且执行复杂的任务。
靶向治疗:分为主动靶向和被动靶向,主动靶向是药物载体进入体内后会特异地与病变组织位点相结合发生作用,而不会影响正常组织;被动靶向是指药物载体在外部能量的驱动下向某些特定区域移动并停留于目标部位,治疗病变组织或细胞。

背景:微机器人具有体积小、灵活、靶向性强等特点,可以在狭窄的环境下通过单体或集群的方式完成复杂的工作。随着材料、制备工艺以及驱动方式的不断优化,其在生物医学领域内显示出越来越重要的应用价值。
目的:分析场驱动微机器人在生物医学领域的应用并展望其应用前景。
方法:以“微机器人,纳米机器人,驱动,生物医学,医疗”为中文关键词,以“microrobots,micro-robots,nanorobots,micromachine,microswimmer,medical”为英文关键词,分别检索万方以及PubMed数据库,检索时间范围重点为2010年1月至2024年1月,同时纳入少数远期文献。通过阅读文题、摘要初步筛选,排除重复性研究、低质量期刊以及与内容不相关的文献,阅读全文后最终纳入66篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:场驱动医疗微机器人涵盖了磁、光、热、超声及多种混合因素驱动机器人。场驱动机器人已被应用于肠道诊断、药物靶向治疗及干细胞治疗等多个领域。尽管医用微机器人在临床医学中已有少数应用,但大多数还处于理论和实验阶段。医用微机器人的未来面临诸多挑战,如实现大规模制备、进一步提升精确控制、解决回收或体内降解问题,以及所用材料是否会对人体产生不良反应等,此外微机器人还需与相应的微创医学手术相配合。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-6125 (肖文谦) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 微机器人, 场驱动, 医疗, 靶向, 微创, 研究进展

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Micro-robots have the characteristics of small size, flexibility, and strong targeting, and can complete complex tasks in a single or clustered manner in a narrow environment. With the continuous optimization of materials, preparation processes, and driving approaches, they have shown increasingly important application value in the field of biomedicine.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application of field-driven micro-robots in medical field and to look forward to their application prospect.

METHODS: Using “microrobots, nanorobots, drivers, biomedical, medical” as Chinese keywords and “microrobots, micro-robots, nanorobots, micromachine, microswimmer, medical” as English keywords, WanFang Data and PubMed databases were searched, respectively. The search time range was from January 2010 to January 2024, and a small number of long-term articles were included. Through reading the titles and preliminarily screening the abstracts, the repetitive studies, low-quality journals, and irrelevant literature were excluded. After reading the entire text, 66 papers were finally included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Field-driven medical micro-robots mainly include magnetic, optical, thermal, ultrasonic, and multi-mixed factor-driven robots. Field-driven robots have been used in intestinal diagnosis, drug targeting therapy, and stem cell therapy. Medical micro-robots are currently only used in a small number of clinical applications, but most of which are still in the theoretical and experimental stages. Medical micro-robots will face many challenges in future, such as large-scale preparation, precise control of micro-robots, recycling or degradation in vivo, whether the materials used will cause adverse reactions to the human body, and the related minimally invasive medical procedures.

Key words: micro-robots, field driven, medical care, targeting, minimally invasive, research progress

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