中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (28): 6127-6137.doi: 10.12307/2025.470

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

聚氨酯材料修复周围神经的新思路与机遇

蓝晓倩1，冯光力1，覃诗忆1，钟莲梅2，李  庆3   

  1. 1昆明医科大学第一附属医院，云南省昆明市   650032；2首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科，北京市   100053；3昆明医科大学科技成果孵化中心，云南省昆明市   650500
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-04 接受日期:2024-07-26 出版日期:2025-10-08 发布日期:2024-12-09
  • 通讯作者: 钟莲梅，主任医师，教授，博士生导师，首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科，北京市 100053 李庆，实验师，昆明医科大学科技成果孵化中心，云南省昆明市 650500
  • 作者简介:蓝晓倩，女，1995 年生，福建省三明市人，畲族，昆明医科大学在读博士，主要从事生物材料在周围神经损伤中应用的相关研究。 冯光力，男，1998 年生，广西壮族自治区玉林市人，汉族，昆明医科大学在读硕士，主要从事生物材料在周围神经损伤中应用的相关研究。

New ideas and opportunities for polyurethane materials in peripheral nerve repair

Lan Xiaoqian1, Feng Guangli1, Qin Shiyi1, Zhong Lianmei2, Li Qing3   

  1. 1First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China; 2Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; 3Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2024-06-04 Accepted:2024-07-26 Online:2025-10-08 Published:2024-12-09
  • Contact: Zhong Lianmei, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China Li Qing, Experimenter, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Lan Xiaoqian, Doctoral candidate, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China Feng Guangli, Master candidate, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China

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摘要：


文题释义：

聚氨酯材料：是一类通过氨基甲酸酯基连接而成的高分子化合物，由异氰酸酯与多元醇反应生成。根据反应配方和工艺条件的不同，聚氨酯材料可以表现出从软到硬、从弹性体到刚性体的多种物理和机械性能。
周围神经损伤：是指外周神经系统的神经纤维由于创伤、压迫、肿瘤、感染或其他原因受到损害，导致神经结构破坏，影响运动、感觉和自主神经功能。


背景：聚氨酯材料因优异的理化性质在生物医学领域中具有广泛的应用前景，对基于聚氨酯材料构建的神经导管进行仿生设计和功能化修饰，有望进一步解决神经再生修复难题。

目的：综述基于聚氨酯材料构建的神经导管在周围神经修复领域的应用现状及进展。
方法：设置英文检索词为“polyurethane，PU，polyurethane material，polyurethane biomaterials，nerve regeneration，peripheral nerve injury，nerve repair，nerve scaffold，nerve guidance conduit， nerve conduits”，中文检索词为“聚氨酯，PU，聚氨酯材料，聚氨酯生物材料，神经再生，周围神经损伤，神经修复，神经支架，神经导管”，检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网和万方数据库中2014-2024年发表的文献，最终纳入61篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论：成分仿生是提高聚氨酯神经导管生物活性的有效策略。通过结构仿生优化聚氨酯神经导管，能够为神经组织再生提供生物引导线索。生物力学仿生聚氨酯神经导管可能在免疫调节和促进轴突生长中发挥重要作用。通过优化聚氨酯材料的导电微环境，有助于重建神经电信号传导通路。聚氨酯神经导管可作为药物载体，发挥抗炎和神经保护作用。联合应用多种设计策略优化聚氨酯神经导管虽然可以在多方面改善受损神经的功能，但由于神经复杂的结构和动态变化的病理生理微环境，神经导管设计策略仍旧有待完善。未来进一步改进和创新神经仿生设计策略，有望为神经组织工程领域的发展提供新的思路和机遇。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0996-4469 (蓝晓倩) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料；口腔生物材料；纳米材料；缓释材料；材料相容性；组织工程

关键词: 聚氨酯, 周围神经修复, 神经导管, 组织工程, 功能优化, 导管设计, 工程化神经, 工程化生物材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Polyurethane materials, with their outstanding physicochemical properties, present extensive opportunities in the realm of biomedical engineering. Biomimetic design and functional modification of polyurethane nerve conduits are expected to further address the challenges of nerve regeneration and repair. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the current status and advancements in the application of polyurethane-based nerve conduits in the field of peripheral nerve repair. 
METHODS: The Chinese and English search terms consisted of “polyurethane, PU, polyurethane material, polyurethane biomaterials, nerve regeneration, peripheral nerve injury, nerve repair, nerve scaffold, nerve guidance conduit, nerve conduits.” The search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and WanFang for articles published from 2014 to 2024. Finally, 61 articles were included in the review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Biomimetic composition is an effective strategy for enhancing the biological activity of polyurethane nerve conduits. Through structural biomimicry, polyurethane nerve conduits can be optimized to provide biological guidance cues for neural tissue regeneration. The biomechanically biomimetic polyurethane nerve conduits are likely to play a significant role in immune modulation and the promotion of axonal growth. By optimizing the conductive microenvironment of polyurethane materials, the reconstruction of neural electrical signal pathways can be facilitated. Polyurethane nerve conduits can serve as drug carriers, exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Although the combined application of multiple design strategies can improve various aspects of damaged nerve function, the complex structure and dynamically changing pathophysiological microenvironment of nerves mean that nerve conduit design strategies still require refinement. Future advancements and innovations in nerve biomimetic design strategies hold promise for providing new insights and opportunities in the field of neural tissue engineering.

Key words:  polyurethane, peripheral nerve repair, nerve conduit, tissue engineering, functional optimization, conduit design, engineered nerve, engineered biomaterial

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