中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (21): 4514-4520.doi: 10.12307/2025.168

• 人工假体Artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

老年全髋关节置换关节囊周围神经阻滞中右美托咪定与罗哌卡因的量效关系

李远峰,叶溥锋,潘桂烽,麦振江   

  1. 广州中医药大学东莞医院,广东省东莞市   523000
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-07 接受日期:2024-03-19 出版日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2024-12-06
  • 通讯作者: 麦振江,副主任医师,广州中医药大学东莞医院,广东省东莞市 523000
  • 作者简介:李远峰,男,1987年生,广东省梅州市人,汉族,广东医学院毕业,主治医师,主要从事老年人、外周神经阻滞麻醉方面的研究。

Dose-effect relationship between dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine during pericapsular nerve group block in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty

Li Yuanfeng, Ye Pufeng, Pan Guifeng, Mai Zhenjiang   

  1. Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2023-12-07 Accepted:2024-03-19 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2024-12-06
  • Contact: Mai Zhenjiang, Associate chief physician, Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Li Yuanfeng, Attending physician, Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

全髋关节置换:为一种治疗严重髋关节疾病或损伤的手术方法,通过置入人工关节来恢复髋关节的功能并减轻疼痛,手术方法和步骤因医生个人偏好、患者病情和其他因素而有所不同。术后患者需要进行康复训练和物理治疗,以帮助恢复髋关节功能、增强肌肉力量,并逐渐恢复正常活动水平。
髋关节囊周围神经阻滞:为一种局部麻醉方法,用于手术或治疗过程中减轻髋关节区域的疼痛。其原理是注射药物阻断影响髋关节区域的神经信号传递,从而减轻疼痛感。该方法相对于全身麻醉来说风险较低,并且可以帮助患者更快地康复,然而该方法并非适合所有情况,因此应在专业医生的指导下使用。

摘要
背景:右美托咪定和罗哌卡因是2种常用于老年全髋关节置换过程中的局部麻醉药物和辅助药物,可在行髋关节周围神经阻滞中提供镇静和止痛效果。
目的:探究右美托咪定与罗哌卡因在老年全髋关节置换患者髋关节囊周围神经阻滞中持续镇静的量效关系。
方法:按倾向性匹配法进行1∶1匹配,选择2021年1月至2023年1月在广州中医药大学东莞医院接受全髋关节置换治疗的120例老年患者为研究对象,匹配后分为2组,观察组60例给予罗哌卡因和1 μg/kg右美托咪定的混合液20 mL行髋关节囊周围神经阻滞,对照组60例给予罗哌卡因20 mL行髋关节囊周围神经阻滞。对比分析两组患者的一般资料、围术期指标、术后镇痛情况、血流动力学指标、炎性因子、应激指标、麻醉后不良反应、住院时间及术后并发症发生情况。采用Probit法计算罗哌卡因髋关节囊周围神经阻滞的半数有效药物剂量及95%有效药物剂量。
结果与结论:①观察组术后镇痛情况优于对照组,两组在术后6 h动态、12 h静息、12 h动态、24 h静息、24 h动态、48 h静息、48 h动态的目测类比评分以及首次按压静脉连接患者自控镇痛泵时间、术后24,48 h按压患者自控镇痛泵次数间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②两组患者拔管、术后12 h时的平均动脉压及拔管时的心率相比差异有极显著性意义(P < 0.01);③术后24,48 h观察组的白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素水平均低于对照组,差异有极显著性意义(P < 0.01);④两组患者的住院时间相比差异有极显著性意义(P < 0.01),术后并发症发生情况无显著性差异(P > 0.05);⑤右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行髋关节囊周围神经阻滞反应的半数有效药物剂量为0.164%,95%有效药物剂量为0.188%;单纯罗哌卡因行髋关节囊周围神经阻滞反应的半数有效药物剂量为0.194%,95%有效药物剂量为0.276%;⑥提示使用右美托咪定复合罗哌卡行髋关节囊周围神经阻滞,可有效缓解老年患者全髋关节置换后的疼痛情况,有助于维持患者血流动力学的稳定性,减少术后炎症及应激反应,缩短住院时间,并且右美托咪定在有效行髋关节囊周围神经阻滞反应前提下可减少罗哌卡因用量。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全髋关节置换, 右美托咪定, 罗哌卡因, 髋关节囊周围神经阻滞, 持续镇静

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine are two commonly used local anesthetic agents and adjuvants in elderly total hip arthroplasty. They provide sedation and analgesic effects during peripheral hip nerve blocks.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the dose-effect relationship between dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine in continuous sedation during pericapsular nerve group block in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.  
METHODS: A total of 120 elderly patients who received total hip arthroplasty in Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into two groups 1:1 matching according to propensity matching method. The observation group (n=60) received pericapsular nerve group block by giving 20 mL mixture of ropivacaine and 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. The control group (n=60) received received pericapsular nerve group block by giving 20 mL of ropivacaine. The general data, perioperative indexes, postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic indexes, inflammatory factors, stress indexes, postoperative adverse reactions, length of hospital stay, and the occurrence of postoperative complications were compared and analyzed between the two groups. The median effective dose and 95% effective dose concentrations of ropivacaine pericapsular nerve group block were calculated by the Probit method.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The postoperative analgesia of the observation group was better than that of the control group, and the visual analog scale score at 6-hour dynamic, 12-hour static, 12-hour dynamic, 24-hour static, 24-hour dynamic, 48-hour static, 48-hour dynamic, as well as the time of first patient-controlled analgesia compression and the number of patient-controlled analgesia compression at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively were statistically different (P < 0.05). (2) There were significant differences between the two groups in mean arterial pressure and heart rate at extubation and 12 hours after extubation (P < 0.01). (3) The levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, epinephrine, and noradrenaline in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 24 and 48 hours after surgery (P < 0.01). (4) There was significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups (P < 0.01), and no difference was detected in the occurrence of postoperative complications (P > 0.05). (5) The median effective dose and 95% effective dose values of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine were 0.164% and 0.188%, respectively, while the median effective dose and 95% effective dose values of ropivacaine alone were 0.194% and 0.276%, respectively. (6) It is concluded that using dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine in pericapsular nerve group block can effectively alleviate postoperative analgesia in elderly patients with total hip arthroplasty, help maintain the hemodynamic stability of patients, reduce postoperative inflammation and stress response, and shorten the length of hospital stay. In addition, dexmedetomidine can reduce the dosage of ropivacaine under the condition of effective pericapsular nerve group block reaction.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: total hip arthroplasty, dexmedetomidine, ropivacaine, pericapsular nerve group block, sustained sedation

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