中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (33): 5351-5356.doi: 10.12307/2024.675

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

倒三角空心螺钉辅助横形拉力螺钉与股骨颈系统固定Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折

沈  师,许玉林,李宇洁,徐学鹏,向飞帆,叶俊武,卓乃强   

  1. 西南医科大学附属医院骨与关节外科,四川省泸州市   646000
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-22 接受日期:2023-10-20 出版日期:2024-11-28 发布日期:2024-01-30
  • 通讯作者: 卓乃强,博士,主任医师,西南医科大学附属医院骨与关节外科,四川省泸州市 646000
  • 作者简介:沈师,男,1993年生,四川省彭州市人,汉族,2019年西南医科大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事四肢骨盆创伤修复重建及骨、软骨、半月板组织工程方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    西南医科大学课题(2019ZQN094),项目负责人:沈师;四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1534),项目负责人:向飞帆

Inverted triangle cannulated screw assisted transverse lag screw and femoral neck system fixation for Pauwels III femoral neck fractures

Shen Shi, Xu Yulin, Li Yujie, Xu Xuepeng, Xiang Feifan, Ye Junwu, Zhuo Naiqiang   

  1. Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2023-09-22 Accepted:2023-10-20 Online:2024-11-28 Published:2024-01-30
  • Contact: Zhuo Naiqiang, MD, Chief physician, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Shen Shi, Master, Physician, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    a grant from Southwest Medical University, No. 2019ZQN094 (to SS); Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, No.2022NSFSC1534 (to XFF)

摘要:


文题释义:

Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折:现临床多采用改良Pauwels分型方法,即以股骨干中轴线作为参考基准线,经股骨头上缘做一垂线与之相交,再做骨折线相交于股骨头上缘垂线,骨折线与上缘垂线夹角为Pauwels角。Pauwels角大于50°时的股骨颈骨折称为Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折,该类型骨折剪切力大,不稳定,术后并发症发生率大。
Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折内固定方式:目前治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折常用固定方式包括空心螺钉、滑动髋螺钉、股骨颈系统、锁定接骨板等。


背景:Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折具有较高的垂直剪切力、术后并发症发生率高等特征,是一种典型的不稳定骨折。目前治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型骨折固定方式较多,何种内固定为青壮年Pauwels Ⅲ股骨颈骨折的最佳固定方式,尚无明确结论。

目的:比较3枚倒三角空心螺钉辅助横形拉力螺钉、股骨颈系统固定Pauwels Ⅲ型青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。 
方法:选择2021年5月至2022年12月于西南医科大学附属医院就诊,采用3枚倒三角空心螺钉辅助横形拉力螺钉与股骨颈系统治疗的Pauwels Ⅲ型青壮年股骨颈骨折患者21例,其中9例采用3枚倒三角形空心螺钉+1枚垂直骨折线的横行拉力螺钉治疗(3+1空心螺钉组),12例患者采用股骨颈系统固定治疗(股骨颈系统组)。在手术时间、术中失血量、手术切口总长度、术中透视次数,骨折愈合时间、肢体功能等方面对两种固定方式进行比较。

结果与结论:①所有患者均获得随访,3+1空心螺钉组患者随访时间10-25个月,平均(17.44±4.30)个月;股骨颈系统组患者随访时间8-24个月,平均(15.58±4.68)个月。②在术中透视次数、术后3个月Harris评分方面,股骨颈系统组优于3+1枚空心螺钉组,差异有显著性意义  (P < 0.05);3+1枚空心螺钉组的术中失血量、切口总长度、股骨颈短缩距离优于股骨颈系统组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);两组患者的手术时间、骨折愈合时间、末次随访Harris评分方面差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。③提示3枚倒三角空心螺钉辅助横形拉力螺钉与股骨颈系统治疗青壮年Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折均能取得良好的临床效果,股骨颈系统术中透视次数更少、早期整体稳定性更好,而3+1枚空心螺钉固定更微创、操作更便捷。两种固定方式均值得临床应用与推广,可结合临床实际情况进行选择。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-5790 (沈师)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨颈骨折, Pauwels Ⅲ型, 股骨颈系统, 倒三角空心螺钉, 横形拉力螺钉

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pauwels III femoral neck fracture is a typical unstable fracture characterized by high vertical shear force and high incidence of postoperative complications. At present, there are many fixation methods for Pauwels III fracture, and there is no clear conclusion as to which internal fixation is the best fixation method for Pauwels III femoral neck fracture in young adults.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of three inverted triangle cannulated screws assisted transverse lag screws and femoral neck system in fixing Pauwels III femoral neck fractures of young adults.
METHODS: From May 2021 to December 2022, 21 young and middle-aged patients with Pauwels III femoral neck fracture were treated with three inverted triangle cannulated screws assisted by transverse lag screws and femoral neck system in Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Of them, 9 patients were treated with three inverted triangle cannulated screws and one transverse lag screws perpendicular to the fracture line as the 3+1 cannulated screw group and 12 patients were treated with femoral neck system as the femoral neck system group. The two fixation methods were compared in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, total incision length, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, fracture healing time, and limb function. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed up. Patients in the 3+1 cannulated screw group were followed up for 10-25 months, with a mean of (17.44±4.30) months. The patients in the femoral neck system group were followed up for 8-24 months, with a mean of (15.58±4.68) months. (2) The intraoperative fluoroscopy times and Harris score at 3 months postoperatively in the femoral neck system group were better than those in the 3+1 cannulated screw group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, total incision length, and femoral neck shortening distance in the 3+1 cannulated screw group were better than those in the femoral neck system group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in operation time, fracture healing time, and Harris score at the last follow-up between the two groups (P > 0.05). (3) It is indicated that three inverted triangle cannulated screws assisted transverse lag screw and femoral neck system can achieve good clinical effects in the treatment of young and middle-aged Pauwels III femoral neck fracture. The femoral neck system has fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times and better early overall stability, while the 3+1 cannulated screw is more minimally invasive, easier to operate. Both fixation methods are worthy of clinical application and promotion, and can be selected according to the actual clinical situation.

Key words: femoral neck fracture, Pauwels III, femoral neck system, inverted triangle cannulated screw, transverse lag screw

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