中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (22): 3476-3480.doi: 10.12307/2023.381

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

DelbetⅡ型儿童股骨颈骨折不同内固定方式的有限元分析

尹  伟,欧阳振,周  娟,杨斌辉,卫永鲲   

  1. 西安交通大学附属汉中三二〇一医院骨科,陕西省汉中市   723000
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-13 接受日期:2022-07-07 出版日期:2023-08-08 发布日期:2022-11-02
  • 通讯作者: 卫永鲲,博士,主任医师,西安交通大学附属汉中三二〇一医院骨科,陕西省汉中市 723000
  • 作者简介:尹伟,男,1982年生,湖北省丹江口市人,汉族,2019年西安交通大学医学院毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事骨科方向研究。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省医药卫生基金(S2018010122),项目负责人:杨斌辉

Finite element analysis of different internal fixation methods for Delbet II type femoral neck fracture in children

Yin Wei, Ouyang Zhen, Zhou Juan, Yang Binhui, Wei Yongkun   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, 3201 Hospital of Hanzhong City, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-05-13 Accepted:2022-07-07 Online:2023-08-08 Published:2022-11-02
  • Contact: Wei Yongkun, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, 3201 Hospital of Hanzhong City, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Yin Wei, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, 3201 Hospital of Hanzhong City, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shaanxi Provincial Medical and Health Fund, No. S2018010122 (to YBH)

摘要:


文题释义:

儿童股骨颈骨折的Delbet分型:Ⅰ型为股骨头骨骺分离;Ⅱ型为经股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ型为股骨颈基底型骨折;Ⅳ型为股骨转子间骨折。其中Ⅰ型骨折比较少,容易导致股骨头缺血坏死和骨骺早闭。Ⅱ型骨折是儿童股骨颈骨折最常见的类型,发生股骨头缺血坏死与移位程度、手术时机有关。Ⅲ型骨折是基底部骨折,股骨头坏死发生率较低。Ⅳ型骨折是转子间骨折,股骨头坏死发生率更低。
股骨颈骨折Pauwels 角分型:Pauwels角是指骨折面与水平面所形成的夹角。按 Pauwels角可将儿童股骨颈骨折分为3种类型:Ⅰ型为Pauwels 角< 30°,稳定性最好;Ⅱ型为Pauwels 角30°-50°;Ⅲ型为Pauwels角 > 50°,稳定性最差。Pauwels角为50°是评价股骨颈骨折稳定性的重要角度。

背景:儿童DelbetⅡ型股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死率较高,有限元法已广泛应用于研究成人股骨颈骨折内固定后的稳定性,但儿童股骨颈骨折的相关分析较少。
目的:研究3种不同内固定方式治疗DelbetⅡ型儿童股骨颈骨折的生物力学性能。
方法:选择1例8岁儿童健康志愿者为研究对象。CT扫描患儿股骨近端影像数据导入Mimics 17.0,在Geomagic 14.0,Cero 3.0,HyperWorks 13.0中建立3种内固定方式治疗DelbetⅡ型儿童股骨颈骨折的有限元模型,分别为空心钉模型(CS模型)、空心钉联合克氏针模型(CS+K模型)、锁定钢板模型(LP模型),观察3种模型的内固定应力、骨骺应力及骨折断端相对位移。
结果与结论:①CS+K模型骨折端和股骨头内的应力显著大于CS模型、LP模型(P < 0.001);LP模型的股骨侧应力显著大于CS+K模型、CS模型
(P < 0.001);②CS模型的相对位移量显著大于CS+K模型和LP模型(P < 0.001);③LP模型的骺板平均应力显著大于CS+K模型、CS模型(P < 0.001);④结果表明,空心钉联合克氏针固定治疗DelbetⅡ型股骨颈骨折更有利于骨折的稳定,减少骨骺应力,有效降低股骨颈短缩和髋内翻的发生率。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-4753 (尹伟);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-2892 (卫永鲲)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨颈骨折, 儿童, 内固定, 有限元, 数字化骨科, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The rate of femoral head necrosis is high after Delbet type II femoral neck fractures in children. Finite element method has been widely used to study the stability of femoral neck fractures in adults after internal fixation, but there are few related analyses of femoral neck fractures in children.  
OBJECTIVE: To study the biomechanical properties of three different internal fixation methods in the treatment of Delbet II type femoral neck fracture in children.
METHODS: A normal 8-year-old child volunteer was selected as the research subject. CT scanning of the proximal femur of children was performed, and the image data were imported into Mimics 17.0. Three kinds of finite element models, cannulated screw model (CS model), cannulated screw and Kirschner wire model (CS+K model) and locking plate model (LP model) were established in Geomagic 14.0, Cero 3.0 and HyperWorks 13.0 to observe the internal fixation stress, epiphyseal stress and relative displacement of fracture end in the three models.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stress in the fracture end and femoral head of CS+K model was significantly higher than that of CS model and LP model (P < 0.001). The femoral stress of LP model was significantly higher than that of CS+K model and CS model (P < 0.001). (2) The relative displacement of CS model was significantly greater than that of CS+K model and LP model (P < 0.001). (3) The mean stress of epiphyseal plate in LP model was significantly higher than that in CS+K model and CS model (P < 0.001). (4) It is concluded that cannulated screw combined with Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of Delbet II type femoral neck fracture is more conducive to the stability of fracture, can reduce epiphyseal stress, and effectively reduce the incidence of femoral neck shortening and hip varus.

Key words: femoral neck fracture, children, internal fixation, finite element, digital orthopaedics, biomechanics

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