中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (20): 3259-3264.doi: 10.12307/2024.356

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

足踝复合体本体感觉的测量与评价

冯  亮 1，张雅飞2，霍洪峰1，3   

  1. 1河北师范大学体育学院，河北省石家庄市  050024；2河北医科大学临床学院，河北省石家庄市  050017；3河北省人体运动生物信息测评重点实验室，河北省石家庄市  050024
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-08 接受日期:2023-06-07 出版日期:2024-07-18 发布日期:2023-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 霍洪峰，硕士，高级实验师，河北师范大学体育学院，河北省石家庄市 050024；河北省人体运动生物信息测评重点实验室，河北省石家庄市 050024
  • 作者简介:冯亮，男，1993年生，黑龙江省绥化市人，汉族，硕士，主要从事运动生物力学方面的研究。

Measurement and evaluation of proprioception of foot and ankle complexes

Feng Liang1, Zhang Yafei2, Huo Hongfeng1, 3   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China; 2Clinical School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China; 3Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Human Sports Biological Information Evaluation, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2023-05-08 Accepted:2023-06-07 Online:2024-07-18 Published:2023-09-11
  • Contact: Huo Hongfeng, Master, Senior experimentalist, School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Human Sports Biological Information Evaluation, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Feng Liang, Master, School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China

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摘要：


文题释义：

足踝复合体：是唯一与支撑面直接接触的部位，包括足部与踝关节的各部分组织结构，其在收集体感反馈和调节平衡控制中起重要作用。足部和踝关节的感觉障碍会导致躯体的平衡和活动问题。
本体感觉：是通过神经肌肉系统检测和处理刺激，整合人体所处的环境和位置信息，并启动反应性输出(运动感觉)的一种能力。不同程度的本体感受信息由皮肤、关节和肌肉机械感受器提供，并传递到中枢神经系统。足部和踝关节是人体关节机械感受器最为集中的部位，也是人体获取环境与身体状态信息的第一运动环节。


背景：足踝本体感觉的研究对于慢性踝关节不稳、老年疾病的康复治疗以及身体姿势控制、运动表现的提高至关重要。前期的相关研究经常把足部和踝关节的感觉评价分开研究，对全面且综合地了解其感觉功能存在一定的局限。

目的：足踝复合体是唯一与支撑面直接接触的部位，在收集体感反馈和调节平衡控制中起重要作用。文章通过汇总现有关于足部和踝关节本体感觉的调查研究，梳理足踝复合体感觉的测量与评价方法，以期为日后的相关研究做出铺垫并提供理论依据。
方法：中文检索词为“(足 OR 足踝关节 OR 踝关节) AND (感觉 OR 本体感觉)”、英文检索词为“(foot OR ankle) AND (feel OR proprioception)”，在Web of Science、PubMed和中国知网数据库检索相关文献，了解关于足踝基本概念、研究现状与范畴，总结并评价足踝的本体感觉评价方法，最终纳入57篇文献进行综述分析。

结果与结论：①足踝复合体感觉的评价主要分为对足部的感觉评价和踝关节的本体感觉评价。②足部的感觉评价主要描述其皮肤的感觉以及干预条件下的感觉反馈，方法主要包括：压力感觉阈值测试、足(底侧和跖侧)两点辨别能力测试、皮肤振动感觉持续时间测试。③踝关节本体感觉评价着重描述关节位置、运动范围、力值及功能表现，方法主要分为静态的关节角度重置测试、运动最小阈值测试、力觉重现测试以及动静态的平衡、速度及行走能力的测试。④对量化结果的报道一般以“误差”来表示，根据报道的需要一般分为：绝对误差、相对误差和恒定误差等。⑤结果证实，足踝复合体具备特殊的感觉能力，包括足部感觉和踝关节的本体感觉，影响人类的生活质量以及运动表现；足部感觉与踝关节本体感觉的弱化均与人体平衡能力下降相关，二者联合测量可以全面有效地评价足踝功能；根据不同的研究需求，需要选择足部与踝关节的感觉测量方法的组合形式，并充分考虑环境、情绪以及报道方式等多种影响因素，提高测量与评价的有效性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1309-6032(冯亮)；https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8755-430X(霍洪峰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

关键词: 足踝复合体, 本体感觉, 测量方法, 等速测试仪, 感觉阈值, 两点辨别能力, 皮肤振动感觉, 运动觉, 位置觉, 力量觉

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Research on foot and ankle proprioception is crucial for the rehabilitation of chronic ankle instability and geriatric diseases as well as for the improvement of body posture control and motor performance. Previous studies have often studied the sensory evaluation of the foot and ankle joints separately, which has limitations for a comprehensive understanding of their sensory function.

OBJECTIVE: The foot and ankle complex is the only part in direct contact with the support surface, and plays an important role in the collective sensory feedback and regulation and balance control. By combing the existing investigation and research of foot and ankle ontology, the measurement and evaluation methods of the sensation of the foot and ankle complex are combed, in order to pave the way and provide the theoretical basis for future related studies. 

METHODS: Chinese terms “(foot OR foot ankle OR ankle) AND (sensation OR proprioception)” and English terms “(foot OR ankle) AND (feel OR proprioception)” were used as the keywords for retrieving relevant literature in the Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI. We understood the basic concepts, current status and scope of research on the foot and ankle, summarized and evaluated the proprioceptive evaluation methods of the foot and ankle, and finally included 57 papers for further review. 

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The evaluation of foot and ankle complex sensation was mainly divided into sensory evaluation of the foot and proprioceptive evaluation of the ankle joint. The sensory evaluation of the foot mainly describes the sensation of the skin and the sensory feedback under the intervention conditions. The methods mainly include the pressure sensory threshold test, the two-point discrimination test of the foot (planar and plantar), and the duration test of skin vibration sensation. Ankle joint proprioception evaluation focuses on the description of joint position, motion range, force value and functional performance. The methods are mainly divided into static joint angle reset test, motion minimum threshold test, force perception reproduction test and dynamic balance, speed and walking ability tests. The report of quantitative results is generally expressed by “an error,” which is generally divided into absolute error, relative error, constant error, etc. To conclude, the foot and ankle complex has specific sensory capabilities, including foot sensation and ankle proprioception, which affect the quality of life and athletic performance of humans. Weakness of both foot sensation and ankle proprioception is associated with reduced human balance, and the combined measurements of the two can comprehensively and effectively evaluate foot and ankle function. The combination of foot and ankle sensory measures is selected according to different research needs and various influencing factors such as environment, emotion and reporting style are fully considered, to improve the validity of measurement and evaluation.

Key words: foot and ankle complex, proprioception, measurement method, isokinetic tester, sensory threshold, two-point discrimination ability, skin vibration sensation, kinesthesia, position perception, power perception

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