中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (18): 2859-2864.doi: 10.12307/2024.037

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

脊柱侧弯复杂椎弓根情况下5点定位法点状接触式椎弓根导航模板的应用

王力航,陆廷盛,陈啟鸰,姚书眈,蒲兴魏,姬林松,赵国权,欧阳北平,张  斌,杨再松,罗春山   

  1. 北京积水潭医院贵州医院脊柱外科,贵州省贵阳市   550004
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-24 接受日期:2023-04-07 出版日期:2024-06-28 发布日期:2023-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 罗春山,博士,主任医师,北京积水潭医院贵州医院脊柱外科,贵州省贵阳市 550004
  • 作者简介:王力航,男,1986年生,贵州省人,四川大学华西医院在读博士,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科、脊柱矫形、新型分子药物方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y131),项目负责人:王力航;贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般264),项目负责人:陆廷盛

Application of 5-point positioning point-contact pedicle navigation template in the case of scoliosis and complex pedicle

Wang Lihang, Lu Tingsheng, Chen Qiling, Yao Shudan, Pu Xingwei, Ji Linsong, Zhao Guoquan, Ouyang Beiping, Zhang Bin, Yang Zaisong, Luo Chunshan   

  1. Department of Spinal Surgery, Guizhou Hospital, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2023-02-24 Accepted:2023-04-07 Online:2024-06-28 Published:2023-08-24
  • Contact: Luo Chunshan, MD, Chief physician, Department of Spinal Surgery, Guizhou Hospital, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Wang Lihang, Doctoral candidate, Associate chief physician, Department of Spinal Surgery, Guizhou Hospital, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guizhou Science and Technology Support Project, No. [2020]4Y131 (to WLH); Guizhou Science and Technology Support Project, No. [2022] 264 (to LTS)

摘要:


文题释义:

3D 打印技术:是一种利用计算机辅助设计、数控技术、三维 CT 技术等快速成型技术,将数据立体化建模,并运用粉末状的金属或塑料等可黏合材料逐层融合叠加,最终打印出三维实物模型的技术。
5点定位法点状接触式椎弓根导航模板:在既往设计导航模板基础上,在胸椎以胸椎双侧上关节突外缘、双侧横突下缘、棘突根为定位点;在腰椎以双侧峡部、双侧上关节突外缘、棘突根为定位点。在4个外侧定位点做长度为 2 mm 的反折包覆形成爪状结构,在面向椎板面设置10个/cm2高1 mm的细圆锥体。完成5点定位法点状接触式导航模板钉道及定位点设计后,将导板文件导入 3D 打印机打印出椎弓根置钉导航模板。


背景:椎弓根导板具有多种优势,但仍然存在一些问题,例如软组织剥离不干净导致导板贴合不严密的钉道偏差;为了贴合导板仔细剥离软组织导致手术时间延长,出血量增加;导板的设计无法预知椎体旋转及体位变化影响导致贴合不严密等。

目的:探讨新型5点定位法点状接触式椎弓根导航模板在脊柱侧弯复杂椎弓根情况下的效用。
方法:筛选2020年2月至2023年2月北京积水潭医院贵州医院脊柱外科收治的存在椎弓根复杂情况的脊柱侧弯患者20例,行脊柱侧弯矫形术,术中使用5点定位法点状接触式椎弓根导航模板引导置钉;按纳入排除标准匹配34例既往病例资料作为经验置钉组,常规徒手置钉。对比两组患者的置钉时间、置钉出血量、置钉透视次数、手动改道次数、置钉等级及准确率、置钉并发症和主弯矫形率等指标。

结果与结论:①导航模板组与经验置钉组在性别、年龄、主弯冠状面Cobb’s角、主弯bending位Cobb’s角、椎弓根变异、顶椎旋转、融合节段、置钉数、置钉等级、置钉准确率、主弯矫形率方面差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②与经验置钉组相比,导航模板组在置钉时间(P=0.034)、置钉出血量(P=0.036)、置钉透视次数(P=0.000)、手动改道次数(P=0.021)方面更具优势;③两组患者的置钉相关并发症均为0例;④提示5点定位法点状接触式3D打印椎弓根导航模板具有爪状结构,牢固适配各种畸形椎板关节突,可避免漂移现象,准确置钉;具有尖端点状接触椎板结构,避免广泛彻底剥离后方结构,可减少出血量及手术时间,减少创伤;提前设计了进钉点进钉方向,可减少透视次数及手术时间;分节段设计,避免因麻醉体位改变等不适配;操作简便,置钉准确率高。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-1310 (王力航) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 脊柱侧弯, 复杂椎弓根, 3D打印, 椎弓根导航模板, 5点定位法点状接触式模板

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The pedicle navigation template has many advantages, but there are still some problems. For example, poor soft tissue dissection leads to poor adhesion of the pedicle navigation template, resulting in screw path deviation; careful dissection of soft tissue to fit the pedicle navigation template leads to prolonged surgery time and increased bleeding; the design of the pedicle navigation template cannot predict the vertebral rotation and the impact of body position changes, resulting in the poor fitting. 
OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of a new 5-point positioning point-contact pedicle navigation template in the case of scoliosis and complex pedicle. 
METHODS: A total of 20 patients with scoliosis and complicated pedicle admitted to the Department of Spinal Surgery, Guizhou Hospital, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from February 2020 to February 2023 were selected for scoliosis orthopedics. During the operation, the 5-point positioning point-contact pedicle navigation template was used to guide the screws. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 34 cases were matched as the empirical nail placement group, and conventional barehanded nail placement was performed. The time of placement, the amount of bleeding, the number of fluoroscopies, the number of manual diversions, the level and accuracy of pedicle screws, the complications of placement, and the rate of correction of main curvature were compared between the two groups. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were no significant differences in sex, age, coronal Cobb’s angle of the main curvature, bending Cobb’s angle of the main curvature, pedicle variation, apex rotation, fusion segment, number of screws, level of screws, accuracy of screws, and rate of correction of main curvature between the navigation template group and the empirical nail placement group (P > 0.05). (2) Compared with the empirical nail placement group, the navigation template group had more advantages in time of placement (P=0.034), amount of bleeding (P=0.036), number of fluoroscopies (P=0.000) and number of manual diversions (P=0.021). (3) There were 0 cases of screw-related complications in both groups. (4) In conclusion, the 5-point positioning point-contact 3D printing pedicle navigation template has a claw-like structure. It can firmly adapt to various deformities of the lamina articular process, avoid drift, and accurately place the screws. It has a point-like contact lamina structure to avoid extensive and complete dissection of the posterior structure, and reduce bleeding, operation time, and trauma. Pre-designed screw entry points and directions can reduce the number of fluoroscopy and operation time. Segmental design can avoid discomfort due to changes in anesthesia position. The operation is simple and the accuracy of screw placement is high.

Key words: scoliosis, complex pedicle, 3D printing, pedicle navigation template, 5-point positioning point contact navigation template

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