中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (29): 4593-4598.doi: 10.12307/2023.654

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics •    下一篇

胫骨平台后外侧柱骨折新型前外侧钢板设计与有限元分析

张  璐1,王仁崇 1,谢  友1,胡居正1,温定付1,杨通池1,黄书钟2,石展英2   

  1. 1广西医科大学第四临床医学院,广西壮族自治区柳州市   545005;2广西医科大学附属柳州市人民医院,广西壮族自治区柳州市   545026
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-20 接受日期:2022-08-25 出版日期:2023-10-18 发布日期:2022-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 石展英,教授,主任医师,广西医科大学附属柳州市人民医院,广西壮族自治区柳州市 545026
  • 作者简介:张璐,男,1995年生,广西壮族自治区河池市人,壮族,广西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨创伤方面研究。 王仁崇,男,1981年生,四川省成都市人,汉族,副主任医师,主要从事骨创伤方面研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB17129001),项目负责人:石展英

Design and finite element analysis of a novel anterolateral plate for posterior lateral column fractures of the tibial plateau

Zhang Lu1, Wang Renchong1, Xie You1, Hu Juzheng1, Wen Dingfu1, Yang Tongchi1, Huang Shuzhong2, Shi Zhanying2   

  1. 1Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545026, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2022-07-20 Accepted:2022-08-25 Online:2023-10-18 Published:2022-12-01
  • Contact: Shi Zhanying, Professor, Chief physician, Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545026, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Zhang Lu, Master candidate, Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China Wang Renchong, Associate chief physician, Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. AB17129001 (to SZY)

摘要:


文题释义:

胫骨平台后外侧柱骨折:胫骨平台可分为“前外侧柱、前内侧柱,后内侧柱以及后外侧柱”4个象限。骨折线累及后外侧柱皮质骨定义为胫骨平台后外侧柱骨折,后外侧柱骨折由于解剖位置的特殊性,周围腓总神经、胫前动脉及腓骨头的遮挡,手术入路及内固定的选择尚未达成共识。
膝关节后外侧复合体:又称为膝关节后外侧结构,是由周围肌肉、肌腱、韧带构成的解剖复杂复合体,其损伤可导致膝关节功能活动障碍,表现为膝关节内翻及外旋、后外侧不稳定、下肢力线改变,长期不干预可导致半月板损伤及骨性关节炎。

背景:胫骨平台后外侧柱骨折由于解剖位置的特殊性,手术入路及内固定的选择尚未达成共识。
目的:通过有限元分析,比较新型钢板与临床3种常见内固定物固定胫骨平台后外侧柱骨折的生物力学稳定性,验证新型钢板的可行性。
方法:收集1名志愿者胫腓骨CT数据,设计新型钢板,导入SolidWorks软件,建立胫骨平台后外侧柱骨折模型,同时建立4组内固定模型(新型钢板、L型锁定钢板、斜T型钢板、拉力螺钉),施加轴向载荷500,1 000,1 500 N,比较不同内固定模型骨折块最大位移及内固定物应力分布与峰值。
结果与结论:不同内固定模型骨折块的位移、内固定物的应力峰值均随轴向力的增加近似等比增大,位移云图、应力云图呈现相似的分布特征。①在3种载荷下,斜T型钢板组骨折块位移最小,拉力螺钉组骨折块位移最大,新型钢板组骨折块位移较L型锁定钢板组小;新型钢板组、L型锁定钢板组、拉力螺钉组骨折块位移最大值均位于外侧缘近端,从近端至远端位移逐渐减小,斜T型钢板组骨折块位移最大值位于外侧缘中部,从外侧向内侧位移逐渐减小;②在3种载荷下,斜T型钢板组内固定物应力峰值最大,L型钢板组内固定物应力峰值最小,新型钢板组内固定物应力峰值大于拉力螺钉组;③新型钢板组与斜T型钢板组应力分布较为均匀;拉力螺钉组内侧螺钉中部,可见明显应力集中;L型锁定钢板组应力分布最为均匀;④结果显示,L型锁定钢板组内固定物应力分布最均匀、应力最小,但骨折块位移大,与拉力螺钉组骨折块位移相近,因此,新型钢板的生物力学稳定性优于L型锁定钢板及拉力螺钉,有良好的应用基础。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-040X(张璐) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5737-9061(王仁崇)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 胫骨平台, 后外侧柱骨折, 新型钢板, 有限元分析, 万向锁定螺钉, 手术入路

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the special anatomical location of posterolateral column fracture of tibial plateau, there is no consensus on the choice of surgical approach and internal fixation. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical stability of novel plate and three common internal fixators in the fixation of posterolateral column fracture of tibial plateau by finite element analysis, and verify the feasibility of novel plate.
METHODS: The CT data of a volunteer were collected and the new type of plate was designed and imported into SolidWorks software to establish a fracture model of the posterolateral column fracture of the tibial plateau. Four internal fixation models (novel plate, L-shaped locking plate, oblique T-shaped plate, and lag screw) were established, with axial loads of 500, 1 000 and 1 500 N. The maximum displacement of fracture block and stress distribution and peak value of internal fixator were compared among different internal fixation models.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the increase of axial force, the displacement of fracture block and the peak stress of internal fixation in different internal fixation models increased approximately in equal ratio. The displacement nephogram and the stress nephogram showed similar distribution characteristics. (1) Under three loads, fracture block displacement from high to low was as follows: lag screw group > L-shaped locking plate group > novel plate group > oblique T-shaped plate group. The maximum displacement of the fracture block in the novel plate group, the L-shaped locking plate group and the lag screw group was located at the proximal end of the lateral border, and the displacement gradually decreased from the proximal end to the distal end. The maximum displacement of the fracture block in the oblique T-shaped plate group was located in the middle of the lateral border, and the displacement gradually decreased from the outside to the inside. (2) Under three loads, stress peak value of internal fixation from high to low was as follows: oblique T-shaped plate group > novel plate group > lag screw group > L-shaped locking plate group. (3) Stress distribution of internal fixation of novel plate group and oblique T-shaped plate group was relatively uniform. In lag screw group, obvious stress concentration could be seen in the middle of medial screws. The stress distribution of L-shaped locking plate group was the most uniform. (4) The results showed that the stress distribution of the internal fixtures in the L-shaped locking plate group was the most uniform and minimal, but the fracture block displacement was large and similar to that of the lag screw group. Therefore, the biomechanical stability of the novel plate was better than that of L-shaped locking plate and lag screw, with a good application foundation.

Key words: tibial plateau, posterior lateral column fracture, novel plate, finite element analysis, polyaxial locking screw, surgical approach

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