中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (19): 3061-3069.doi: 10.12307/2023.630

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体治疗创伤性中枢神经系统损伤

刘  闯1,谭龙旺2,周禾山1,张  弛1   

  1. 1陕西中医药大学,陕西省咸阳市   712000;2陕西中医药大学附属医院脊柱骨科,陕西省咸阳市   712000
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-04 接受日期:2022-08-19 出版日期:2023-07-08 发布日期:2022-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 谭龙旺,教授,主任医师,硕士生导师,陕西中医药大学第一附属医院脊柱骨科主任。陕西中医药大学附属医院脊柱骨科,陕西省咸阳市 712000
  • 作者简介:刘闯,男,1995年生,陕西省西安市人,汉族,陕西中医药大学第一临床医学院在读硕士,主要从事脊柱脊髓疾病的临床与基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81774349),基金负责人:谭龙旺

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes for treating traumatic central nervous system injury

Liu Chuang1, Tan Longwang2, Zhou Heshan1, Zhang Chi1   

  1. 1Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Department of Spine Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-07-04 Accepted:2022-08-19 Online:2023-07-08 Published:2022-11-28
  • Contact: Tan Longwang, Professor, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Spine Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Liu Chuang, Master candidate, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81774349 (to TLW)

摘要:


文题释义:

创伤性中枢神经系统损伤:中枢神经系统遭受机械暴力所致的损伤,在病理阶段上可分为机械暴力直接作用于损伤局部的原发性损伤和损伤局部微环境改变引起一系列级联反应而导致幸存神经组织再次受损的继发性损伤。包括了创伤性脑损伤和脊髓损伤。
脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体:脂肪间充质干细胞外囊泡的一种,直径为30-150 nm,由细胞内多囊泡出芽形成,可与细胞膜融合释放至细胞外基质中,通过胞吞、膜融合、受体结合3种方式作用于靶细胞,发挥生物调节作用。

背景:脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体具有强大的损伤修复功能、更高的安全性和可通过血脑屏障、取材方便及易于大量生产的特点,使其在创伤性中枢神经系统损伤的治疗中具有巨大的潜力。
目的:对近年来应用脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体治疗创伤性中枢神经系统损伤的实验研究做一综述,评述其研究成果及局限性,对未来发展进行展望并提供作者的个人建议。
方法:第一作者采用中国知网、万方、PubMed和Web of Science 数据库,以“脂肪、间充质干细胞、外泌体、创伤性中枢神经系统损伤、脊髓损伤、创伤性脑损伤、病理”及“Adipose,mesenchymal stem cells,exosomes,traumatic central nervous system injury,spinal cord injury,traumatic brain injury,pathology”为检索词检索相关文献,纳入符合标准的42篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①通过总结相关文献结论,脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体主要通过以下机制治疗创伤性中枢神经系统损伤:通过核转录因子kB、MAPK等通路抑制损伤区炎症,通过JNK3/c-jun及SRSF2-PKCδII-Bcl2途径抗神经元凋亡,通过环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白、神经丝蛋白、生长相关蛋白43、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和髓鞘碱性蛋白途径促进神经再生。②但目前以上研究成果均来自临床前实验,脂肪间充质干细胞中过表达的miR-133b在文章中的神经保护作用与其他研究中的结论有差异,需要进一步验证;脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体在创伤性中枢神经系统损伤领域中可能存在导致肥胖和脑出血的风险,临床安全性有待进一步评估;目前研究对脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体的生物成分及治疗机制挖掘不够深入;脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体的标准化制备、储存、运输及给药策略(包括时间、途径及剂量)目前无统一共识。③综合而言,脂肪间充干细胞外泌体在创伤性中枢神经系统损伤中具有巨大的应用潜力,未来应加强该领域的临床前研究成果并逐步过渡到临床研究中,以期为创伤性中枢神经系统损伤提供一种新的疗法。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-7959 (刘闯);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-2057 (谭龙旺) 

关键词: 创伤性中枢神经系统损伤, 脂肪, 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 脊髓损伤, 创伤性脑损伤, 小胶质细胞, 长链非编码RNA, 微小RNA

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes have the characteristics of strong damage repair function, high safety, passing blood-brain barrier, convenient material acquisition, and easy mass production, which makes it has the great potential in the treatment of traumatic central nervous system injuries.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the experimental research on the application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in the treatment of traumatic central nervous system injury in recent years, its research achievements and limitations, prospect the future development, and provide personal suggestions. 
METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles using “adipose, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, traumatic central nervous system injury, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, pathology” as the search terms in Chinese and English. Totally 42 articles that met the criteria were included for review.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) By summarizing relevant literature conclusions, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes are used to treat traumatic central nervous system injury through the following mechanisms: inhibiting inflammation in the injured area through nuclear factor-kB, MAPK and other pathways, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through JNK3/c-jun, SRSF2-PKCδII-Bcl2 pathways, and promoting nerve regeneration through cAMP-response element binding protein, neurofilament protein, growth-associated protein 43, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein pathways. (2) Existing problems: the above research results are from preclinical experiments. The neuroprotective effect of miR-133b overexpressed in adipose mesenchymal stem cells in this paper is inconsistent with the conclusions of other studies, and needs further verification. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes may have the risk of obesity and cerebral hemorrhage in the field of traumatic central nervous system injury, and their safety needs further study. The biological components and therapeutic mechanisms of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes are not well explored. At present, there is no unified consensus on the standardized preparation, storage, transportation and administration strategies (including time, route and dose) of adipose mesenchymal stem cell exosomes. (3) In conclusion, adipose derived stem cell exosomes have a great application potential in traumatic central nervous system injury. Preclinical research in this field should be strengthened and gradually transferred to clinical research, so as to provide a new treatment for traumatic central nervous system injury. 

Key words: traumatic central nervous system injury, adipose, mesenchymal stem cell, exosome, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, microglia, long noncoding RNA, microRNA

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