中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (22): 3594-3601.doi: 10.12307/2023.374

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨头坏死保髋手术对后续全髋关节置换的影响

王章正1,莫  亮1,周  驰1,刘予豪1,严泓松1,何  伟1,2,3   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第一附属医院,广东省广州市   510405;2 广州中医药大学髋关节研究中心,广东省广州市   510405;3 广东省中医骨伤研究院,广东省广州市   510378
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-07 接受日期:2022-07-07 出版日期:2023-08-08 发布日期:2022-11-03
  • 通讯作者: 何伟,医学博士,二级教授,广州中医药大学第一附属医院,广东省广州市 510405;广州中医药大学髋关节研究中心,广东省广州市 510405;广东省中医骨伤研究院,广东省广州市 510378
  • 作者简介:王章正,男,1997年生,四川省内江市人,汉族,广州中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事中医药防治骨关节疾病的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81873327),项目负责人:何伟;广东省中医药局科研项目(20221136),项目负责人:
    刘予豪;广州中医药大学第一附属医院创新强院项目(2019IIT06) 项目负责人:何伟

Influence of hip-preservation surgeries on subsequent total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Wang Zhangzheng1, Mo Liang1, Zhou Chi1, Liu Yuhao1, Yan Hongsong1, He Wei1, 2, 3   

  1. 1First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 2Hip Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 3Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics, Guangzhou 510378, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2022-02-07 Accepted:2022-07-07 Online:2023-08-08 Published:2022-11-03
  • Contact: He Wei, MD, Professor, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; Hip Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics, Guangzhou 510378, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Zhangzheng, Master candidate, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81873327 (to HW); Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 20221136 (to LYH); Innovation and Strong Hospital Project of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2019IIT06 (to HW) 

摘要:


文题释义:

保髋手术:通过手术方式恢复坏死股骨头内生物学特性或力学特性,以达到缓解关节疼痛、重建髋关节功能、延迟或避免行全髋关节置换的目的。
全髋关节置换:是将人工假体(包含股骨部分和髋臼部分)选择性使用骨水泥和螺钉固定在正常的骨质上,以取代病变的关节,重建患者髋关节的正常功能的手术。

背景:保留髋关节手术是目前治疗年轻早期股骨头坏死的重要手段,但保髋手术种类较多且各类术式都存在自身的局限性以及难以避免的失败率,部分患者在接受了保髋手术治疗后效果欠佳,而在后续治疗中不得不接受全髋关节置换。
目的:文章就治疗股骨头坏死的各类保髋手术对后续全髋关节置换影响的研究进展情况作一综述。
方法:以“股骨头坏死、保髋手术、髓芯减压、骨移植、截骨、钽棒植入、髋关节表面置换”为中文检索词,以“Osteonecrosis of the femoral head,Hip-preservation surgery,Core decompression,Bone grafting,Osteotomy,Porous tantalum implantation,Hip resurfacing arthroplasty”为英文检索词,分别检索中国知网、PubMed数据库以及Embase数据库。通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选;排除重复性研究、低质量期刊及内容不相关的文献,最后纳入58篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①目前临床应用的保髋术式主要包括髓芯减压、非血管化植骨、带血运的植骨及截骨和钽棒植入等几大类。不同保髋术式各有其特点,对后续全髋关节置换影响也存在差异。②单纯的髓芯减压作为“微创”手术对后续全髋关节置换影响较小,但其可能改变转子间区域骨结构,增加了全髋关节置换中骨折的风险。③骨移植的植入骨材料(特别是移植腓骨)残留影响到全髋关节置换中开髓、扩髓以及股骨柄假体放置,而带血运的植骨(特别是带肌骨瓣植骨)增大了软组织的创伤,不利于全髋关节置换后髋关节功能恢复。④截骨造成了更大的局部软组织创伤和股骨畸形,对后续全髋关节置换影响最大。截骨后续全髋关节置换具有较高难度,以对后续全髋关节置换影响作为参考依据,截骨较其他保髋术式存在劣势。⑤钽棒植入存在植入物去除增加后续全髋关节置换难度的问题,且尽管研究发现其残留钽碎片短期内不会增加假体的线性磨损率,但残留钽碎片中长期的影响仍存在担忧。⑥虽然各类保髋术式均在一定程度上增加了后续全髋关节置换的难度,但文献报道结果总体上是积极的,尚未有不利于全髋关节置换假体存活率和髋关节功能的文献报道,全髋关节置换仍可作为保髋失败后的可靠治疗手段。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3871-5143 (王章正) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨头坏死, 保髋手术, 全髋关节置换, 植骨, 髓心减压, 钽, 股骨, 腓骨

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hip-preservation surgery is an important method for the treatment of young patients with early femoral head necrosis. However, there are many types of hip-preservation surgery, and all kinds of hip-preservation surgery have their own limitations and inevitable failure rate. Some patients received poor results after hip-preservation surgery, and had to undergo total hip arthroplasty.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress on the influence of various hip-preservation surgeries on subsequent total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
BACKGROUND: Hip-preservation surgery is an important method for the treatment of young patients with early femoral head necrosis. However, there are many types of hip-preservation surgery, and all kinds of hip-preservation surgery have their own limitations and inevitable failure rate. Some patients received poor results after hip-preservation surgery, and had to undergo total hip arthroplasty.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress on the influence of various hip-preservation surgeries on subsequent total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
METHODS:  Databases of Embase, CNKI and PubMed were searched with the key words of “osteonecrosis of the femoral head, hip-preservation surgery, core decompression, bone grafting, osteotomy, porous tantalum implantation, hip resurfacing arthroplasty” in Chinese and English, respectively. By reading the titles and abstracts, repetitive studies and low-quality or irrelevant articles were excluded. Finally, 58 articles were included for reviewing.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At present, the clinical application of hip-preservation surgery mainly includes core decompression, non-vascularized bone grafting, vascularized bone grafting, osteotomy, tantalum rod implantation and other categories, and different hip-preservation surgeries have their own characteristics and different influences on subsequent total hip arthroplasty. (2) As a “minimally invasive” operation, simple core decompression has little impact on subsequent total hip arthroplasty, but it may change the bone structure in the intertrochanteric region and increase the risk of intraoperative fracture in total hip arthroplasty. (3) Residual bone graft materials (especially fibula graft) in bone grafting affected the opening and expansion of medullary cavity and placement of femoral stem prosthesis during total hip arthroplasty. Vascularized bone grafting (especially musculoskeletal flap graft) increased the trauma of soft tissue, which was not conducive to the functional recovery of hip joint after total hip arthroplasty. (4) Osteotomy has the greatest influence on subsequent total hip arthroplasty, because it causes greater local soft tissue trauma and femoral deformity. Total hip arthroplasty after osteotomy is relatively difficult, and compared with other hip-preservation surgeries, osteotomy has disadvantages based on its influence on subsequent total hip arthroplasty. (5) There is a problem that the removal of tantalum rod implants increases the difficulty of total hip arthroplasty in the follow-up, and although the study found that the residual tantalum fragments did not increase the linear wear rate of the prosthesis in the short term, we still need to pay attention to the long-term effects of residual tantalum fragments. (6) Although all types of hip-preservation surgeries increase the difficulty of subsequent total hip arthroplasty to a certain extent, literature reports are generally positive. There is no literature report that previous hip-preservation surgery is not conducive to the prosthesis survival rate and hip function score after subsequent total hip arthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty can still be used as a reliable treatment after hip preservation failure.
Databases of Embase, CNKI and PubMed were searched with the key words of “osteonecrosis of the femoral head, hip-preservation surgery, core decompression, bone grafting, osteotomy, porous tantalum implantation, hip resurfacing arthroplasty” in Chinese and English, respectively. By reading the titles and abstracts, repetitive studies and low-quality or irrelevant articles were excluded. Finally, 58 articles were included for reviewing.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At present, the clinical application of hip-preservation surgery mainly includes core decompression, non-vascularized bone grafting, vascularized bone grafting, osteotomy, tantalum rod implantation and other categories, and different hip-preservation surgeries have their own characteristics and different influences on subsequent total hip arthroplasty. (2) As a “minimally invasive” operation, simple core decompression has little impact on subsequent total hip arthroplasty, but it may change the bone structure in the intertrochanteric region and increase the risk of intraoperative fracture in total hip arthroplasty. (3) Residual bone graft materials (especially fibula graft) in bone grafting affected the opening and expansion of medullary cavity and placement of femoral stem prosthesis during total hip arthroplasty. Vascularized bone grafting (especially musculoskeletal flap graft) increased the trauma of soft tissue, which was not conducive to the functional recovery of hip joint after total hip arthroplasty. (4) Osteotomy has the greatest influence on subsequent total hip arthroplasty, because it causes greater local soft tissue trauma and femoral deformity. Total hip arthroplasty after osteotomy is relatively difficult, and compared with other hip-preservation surgeries, osteotomy has disadvantages based on its influence on subsequent total hip arthroplasty. (5) There is a problem that the removal of tantalum rod implants increases the difficulty of total hip arthroplasty in the follow-up, and although the study found that the residual tantalum fragments did not increase the linear wear rate of the prosthesis in the short term, we still need to pay attention to the long-term effects of residual tantalum fragments. (6) Although all types of hip-preservation surgeries increase the difficulty of subsequent total hip arthroplasty to a certain extent, literature reports are generally positive. There is no literature report that previous hip-preservation surgery is not conducive to the prosthesis survival rate and hip function score after subsequent total hip arthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty can still be used as a reliable treatment after hip preservation failure.

Key words: osteonecrosis of the femoral head, hip-preservation surgery, total hip arthroplasty, bone graft, medullary decompression, tantalum, femur, fibula

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