中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 745-750.doi: 10.12307/2023.113

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

葡萄糖转运蛋白1/4基因多态性与运动能力的关系

周意男1，杨  琨2，姜嘉怿3，张思卓4，朱颖文5   

  1. 1同济大学体育教学部，上海市  200092；2河南医药健康技师学院，河南省开封市  475000；3莫纳什大学，澳大利亚墨尔本  VIC3800；4武汉商学院，湖北省武汉市  430056；5上海交通大学体育系，上海市  200240
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-16 接受日期:2022-05-06 出版日期:2023-02-18 发布日期:2022-07-23
  • 作者简介:周意男，男，1983年生，内蒙古自治区包头市人，2015年上海交通大学毕业，硕士，讲师，主要从事运动训练及运动监控研究。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市体育科技“雏鹰计划”项目(19C008)，项目负责人：周意男；上海市体育科技“腾飞计划”项目(16T005)，项目负责人：周意男；上海市科委科技创新行动计划重大基础研究项目(16JC1400503)，项目参与人：朱颖文

The relationship between glucose transporter 1/4 gene polymorphisms and athletic ability

Zhou Yinan1, Yang Kun2, Jiang Jiayi3, Zhang Sizhuo4, Zhu Yingwen5   

  1. 1Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 2Henan Technician College of Medicine and Health, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China; 3Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3800, Australia; 4Wuhan Business University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei Province, China; 5Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • Received:2022-03-16 Accepted:2022-05-06 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2022-07-23
  • About author:Zhou Yinan, Master, Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • Supported by:
    Shanghai “Eagle Plan” for Sports Science and Technology, No. 19C008 (to ZYN); Shanghai “Take-off Plan” for Sports Science and Technology, No. 16T005 (to ZYN); Major Basic Research Project for Science and Technology Innovation Action of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, No. 16JC1400503 (to ZYW [project participant])

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摘要：

文题释义：
葡萄糖转运蛋白(glucose transporter，GLUT)：是指一类在细胞膜上转运葡萄糖的载体蛋白，其广泛分布于人体各种组织内，对机体葡萄糖的稳态维持起着关键作用。GLUT家族目前由13个成员构成，即GLUT1-13。
基因多态性：也称遗传多态性，通常指的是同一生物群体中，有2个或者2个以上的等位基因存在同一基因座上进而导致基因表达呈多样性的现象。近年来基因多态性在与运动能力的关联方面得到广泛重视。

背景：通过遗传因素对运动员进行科学选材已成为竞技体育领域中重要的研究热点。葡萄糖转运蛋白(glucose transporter，GLUT)是葡萄糖跨膜转运的重要载体，近年来的研究表明作为GLUT家族成员中的GLUT1和4，其基因多态性与有氧耐力素质和运动敏感性等运动能力存在一定的相关性。
目的：综述GLUT1/4基因多态性与运动能力的关联及其机制，为运动员的科学选材提供证据。
方法：第一作者于2022年1月通过计算机在中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed和Embase数据库进行检索，以“葡萄糖转运蛋白、基因多态性、运动能力、有氧耐力、力量、运动员”为中文检索词，以“Glucose transport protein、GLUT、GLUT1、GLUT4、SLC2A4、SLC2A1、single nucleotide polymorphism、SNP、athletic、sport performance、athlete、aerobic、endurance、power”为英文检索词，检索文献时限为从各数据库建库至2022年1月，根据制定好的入选标准进行多次筛选，最终纳入58篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论：①主要涉及的突变位点包括GLUT1基因的rs841853多态位点和GLUT4基因的rs5418多态位点，两者与运动能力的相关研究集中在有氧耐力素质和运动敏感性两个方面，且均具有显著的关联。②在有氧耐力素质关联机制方面，GLUT1基因rs841853多态位点可能通过影响葡萄糖的摄取和肺通气能力进而影响耐力素质；而在GLUT4基因中，优秀的耐力素质可能与rs5418多态位点对启动子区内DNA甲基化和转录因子的调控有关，从而使该位点多态性与运动能力存在关联。③在运动敏感性方面，缺氧诱导因子1α可能是rs841853多态位点与低氧训练敏感性产生关联的主要因素；而rs5418多态位点则可能通过IRS-1/PI3K/AKT通路导致有氧训练对不同等位基因的糖调节受损(IGR)患者胰岛素抵抗产生差异。④通过GLUT1和4基因多态性进行运动员选材可能是一种可行方法。
缩略语：葡萄糖转运蛋白：glucose transporter，GLUT

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2292-5990(周意男)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

关键词: 葡萄糖转运蛋白, 基因多态性, 运动能力, 耐力, 力量, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Scientific selection of athletes through genetic factors has become an important research hotspot in the field of competitive sports. Glucose transporter (GLUT) is an important carrier of glucose transmembrane transport. Recent studies have shown that GLUT1/4, which are the members of the GLUT family, have certain correlations between their gene polymorphisms and athletic abilities such as aerobic endurance and exercise sensitivity.
OBJECTIVE: To review the association between GLUT1/4 gene polymorphisms and athletic ability and its mechanism and to provide evidence for the scientific selection of athletes.
METHODS: The first author conducted a computer search in CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and Embase databases in January 2022, using “glucose transporter, gene polymorphism, exercise capacity, aerobic endurance, strength, athlete” as the Chinese search terms and “glucose transport protein, GLUT, GLUT1, GLUT4, SLC2A4, SLC2A1, single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP, athletic, sport performance, athlete, aerobic, endurance, power” as the English search terms. According to the inclusion criteria, 58 articles were finally included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main involved mutation sites include rs841853 in the GLUT1 gene and rs5418 in the GLUT4 gene. The research on the correlation between the two and athletic ability focuses on two aspects: aerobic endurance quality and exercise sensitivity, and both have significant correlations. In terms of the association mechanism of aerobic endurance quality, GLUT1 rs841853 single nucleotide polymorphism may affect endurance quality by affecting glucose uptake and lung ventilation capacity; and GLUT4 rs5418 single nucleotide polymorphism may regulate DNA methylation and transcription factors in the promoter region to yield excellent endurance quality. The polymorphism of this locus is thereby associated with athletic ability. In terms of exercise sensitivity, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α may play a central role in triggering the association between rs841853 polymorphism and hypoxic training sensitivity. Whereas, rs5418 polymorphism may lead to differences in insulin resistance in patients with impaired glucose regulation with different alleles undergoing aerobic training through the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, selection of athletes based on GLUT1 and 4 gene polymorphisms may be a feasible method.

Key words: glucose transporter, gene polymorphism, athletic ability, endurance, power, review

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