中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 701-706.doi: 10.12307/2023.093

• 神经组织构建 nerve tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

丰富环境联合褪黑素对SAMP8小鼠学习记忆功能及脑神经细胞凋亡的影响

赵思琦1,杜  鹃2,屈海峰1,李建民1,3,张宇新2,刘俊杰1,3   

  1. 华北理工大学,1临床医学院,2基础医学院,河北省唐山市  063000;3华北理工大学附属医院神经外科,河北省唐山市  063000
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-30 接受日期:2022-04-18 出版日期:2023-02-18 发布日期:2022-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 刘俊杰,讲师,硕士,主治医师,华北理工大学临床医学院,河北省唐山市 063000;华北理工大学附属医院神经外科,河北省唐山市 063000
  • 作者简介:赵思琦,女,2000年生,河北省唐山市人,汉族。
  • 基金资助:
    脑老化及综合干预研究人才培养项目(381094),项目负责人:李建民;高级卒中中心建设人才培养项目(361036),项目负责人:李建民

Effects of enriched environment combined with melatonin on learning and memory function and brain neuron apoptosis in SAMP8 mice

Zhao Siqi1, Du Juan2, Qu Haifeng1, Li Jianmin1, 3, Zhang Yuxin2, Liu Junjie1, 3   

  1. 1School of Clinical Medicine, 2School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China; 3Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2022-01-30 Accepted:2022-04-18 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2022-07-22
  • Contact: Liu Junjie, Master, Lecturer, Attending physician, School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Zhao Siqi, School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Talent Training Project for Brain Aging and Comprehensive Intervention Research, No. 381094 (to LJM); Talent Training Project for Advanced Stroke Center Construction, No. 361036 (to LJM)

摘要:

文题释义:
丰富环境:作为一种可改善中枢神经可塑性的重要干预模式,丰富环境的社会刺激及非生物刺激等参与细胞凋亡、分化、炎症反应等多种生理过程。丰富环境的作用机制十分复杂,通过调控凋亡相关因子表达改善脑功能,唤起其对环境的适应性行为以及提高其学习能力和记忆能力,是近些年来的研究热点。
褪黑素:褪黑素抑制细胞凋亡具有细胞保护的作用已经被多种研究证实。褪黑素可通过抗tau蛋白过度磷酸化,促进神经元轴突生长、抑制细胞色素C的释放及Caspase-3的激活发挥神经保护作用,但其具体作用机制尚不十分清楚,需进行深入研究。
SAMP8小鼠:快速衰老小鼠是目前研究快速衰老的唯一哺乳类模式动物。其中,SAMP8小鼠主要以学习记忆功能呈增龄性加速衰退,中枢神经系统如皮质、海马等部位发生病理改变为主,其增龄性改变与此次实验的观察指标相符。SAMP8小鼠一直被用于研究衰老与学习记忆功能及学习记忆功能障碍的发生机制,评价抗衰老和益智药物等。

背景:脑老化后神经细胞凋亡增多,其机制不明确。近年研究表明,褪黑素可调节多种凋亡因子的表达,丰富环境作为一种治疗阿尔茨海默病的有效方案已投入临床使用,然而二者合用是否有更好的疗效及其各自的作用机制目前尚不清楚。
目的:探讨丰富环境与褪黑素联合干预对SAMP8小鼠学习记忆功能及脑神经细胞凋亡的影响。
方法:选用3月龄雄性SAMP8小鼠24只,利用随机数字表法分成4组:对照组、丰富环境组、褪黑素组和联合处理组,每组6只。对照组和褪黑素组小鼠饲养于标准环境,丰富环境组和联合组饲养于丰富环境,直至小鼠满4月龄;满4月龄次日,褪黑素组、联合处理组小鼠开始皮下注射褪黑素8 mg/(kg·d),对照组、丰富环境组皮下注射等量生理盐水,共30 d。给药结束后继续饲养于原环境至11月龄,采用筑巢实验和Morris水迷宫实验评估小鼠学习记忆能力;行为学实验结束后,采用NeuN免疫荧光/TUNEL双标染色及尼氏染色观察海马CA1区细胞凋亡情况,采用Western blot法检测海马中凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2、P53的表达。
结果与结论:①与对照组相比,其他3组小鼠的筑巢实验得分、Morris水迷宫跨平台次数、海马CA1区NeuN免疫反应性、尼氏染色阳性细胞数量、海马中Bcl-2蛋白表达显著增加(P < 0.05),联合处理组上述指标值显著多于丰富环境组、褪黑素组(P < 0.05);②苏木精-伊红染色显示,与对照组相比,其他3组小鼠海马CA1区神经细胞形态和排列较佳;③与对照组相比,其他3组小鼠的Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期、海马CA1区免疫荧光/TUNEL双阳性细胞数量及Caspase-3、Bax、P53蛋白表达水平显著降低(P < 0.05),联合处理组上述指标值显著低于丰富环境组、褪黑素组(P < 0.05);④结果表明,丰富环境和褪黑素对SAMP8小鼠的学习记忆功能、脑神经细胞凋亡具有改善作用,其机制可能与调控小鼠海马神经细胞P53/P21通路来减少细胞凋亡有关;且将丰富环境和褪黑素联合应用的疗效很可能高于单方案治疗。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-1981(赵思琦)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 快速老化小鼠, SAMP8小鼠, 丰富环境, 褪黑素, 神经细胞凋亡, 神经功能

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuronal apoptosis increases after brain aging and the mechanism is not clear. Recent studies have shown that melatonin can regulate the expression of a variety of apoptosis factors and enriched environments have been used as an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. However, whether the combination of the two has better efficacy and their respective mechanisms of action remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of enriched environment combined with melatonin intervention on learning and memory function and brain neuron apoptosis in SAMP8 mice.
METHODS: Twenty-four 3-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into control group, enriched environment (EE) group, melatonin (MT) group, and enriched environment combined with melatonin (EE+MT) group, with 6 mice in each group. Mice in the control and MT groups were fed in a standard environment and those in the EE and EE+MT groups were fed in an enriched environment until they were 4 months old. At the age of 4 months, mice in the MT and EE+MT groups were subcutaneously injected with melatonin (8 mg/kg/d) for 30 days and those in the control and EE groups were given the same amount of normal saline for 30 days. After treatments, all the animals were kept in the original environment until 11 months of age, and their learning and memory abilities were evaluated by nest building test and Morris water maze test. After the completion of behavioral experiments, the apoptosis of hippocampal CAI cells was observed by immunofluorescence/TUNEL double standard staining and Nissl staining. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 were detected by western blot assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in the score of the nest building test, cross-platform frequency, NeuN immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA1 region, the number of Nissl-positive cells and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the hippocampus in the EE, MT, and EE+MT groups (P < 0.05). These indicators were significantly higher in the EE+MT group than the EE and MT groups (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining results indicated that compared with the control group, the EE, MT, and EE+MT groups showed better morphology and arrangement of nerve cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. Compared with the control group, Morris water maze escape latency, the number of immunofluorescence/TUNEL double positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region and the expression levels of Caspase-3, Bax and p53 proteins in the hippocampus were significantly decreased in the EE, MT, and EE+MT groups (P < 0.05). These indicators in the EE+MT group were significantly lower than those in the EE and MT groups (P < 0.05). Overall, both enriched environment and melatonin can improve learning and memory function and brain neuron apoptosis in SAMP8 mice. The mechanisms may be related to the regulation of P53/P21 pathway in mouse hippocampal neurons to reduce apoptosis. Moreover, the combined application of enriched environment and melatonin is likely to be more effective than a single regimen treatment.

Key words: rapid aging mice, SAMP8 mouse, enriched environment, melatonin, neuronal apoptosis, neurological function

中图分类号: