中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (24): 3914-3920.doi: 10.12307/2022.576

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞对衰老相关性缺血性卒中的作用及机制

陈  娜,王晓含,张运克   

  1. 河南中医药大学,河南省郑州市   450046
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-24 接受日期:2021-09-15 出版日期:2022-08-28 发布日期:2022-01-24
  • 通讯作者: 张运克,博士,2007年从中国中医科学院博士后流动站出站,教授,主任医师,博士生导师,博士后合作导师,河南中医药大学,河南省郑州市 450046
  • 作者简介:陈娜,女,1993年生,河南省驻马店人,汉族,河南中医药大学在读博士,主要从事中医药防治神经内科疾病的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81974564),项目负责人:张运克

Effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells on aging-related ischemic stroke

Chen Na, Wang Xiaohan, Zhang Yunke   

  1. Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2021-06-24 Accepted:2021-09-15 Online:2022-08-28 Published:2022-01-24
  • Contact: Zhang Yunke, PhD, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Post-doctoral co-supervisor, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Chen Na, Doctoral candidate, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81974564 (to ZYK)

摘要:

文题释义:

细胞衰老:人体衰老的本质是细胞的衰老,细胞衰老是由于损伤积累诱发了细胞周期抑制通路的激活,细胞永久地退出细胞增殖周期。细胞衰老具有永久性细胞周期阻滞、DNA 损伤积累、凋亡抵抗、衰老相关的炎症因子分泌以及代谢和表观遗传特征改变等特征。
间充质干细胞:间充质干细胞是一种多能干细胞,具有自我更新、分化的能力,在骨髓、脂肪和胎盘组织中较为丰富而且容易提取。间充质干细胞具有较为广泛的组织分化能力、免疫原性较低及获取来源广泛等生物特点,近年来在组织工程和再生医学领域体现出明显优势,是近年来研究的热点。

背景:衰老与缺血性卒中的发生发展有着重要关系。间充质干细胞具有自我更新、分化及分泌功能,可以对缺血性卒中起着一定的治疗作用。
目的:综述衰老与缺血性卒中的关系以及间充质干细胞治疗衰老相关缺血性卒中的作用机制。
方法:检索万方、中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库中2006-2021年期间衰老与缺血性卒中的关系及间充质干细胞治疗缺血性脑卒中的文献,以“衰老、间充质干细胞、缺血性脑卒中”为中文检索词,以“aging,mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs),ischemic stroke”为英文检索词进行检索,共纳入58篇文献进行分析。

结果与结论:①间充质干细胞具有分化、可分泌营养因子和囊泡的作用,可以用于衰老相关缺血性卒中的治疗;②衰老的病理过程包括衰老细胞的积累激活衰老相关的炎症因子分泌,恶化细胞生存的微环境,炎症反应使衰老后神经血管单元损伤加重,氧化应激引起细胞内线粒体结构破坏和功能障碍,端粒的缩短以及遗传物质的改变等,这些因素与衰老密切相关且影响动脉粥样硬化的稳定性,与缺血性卒中的发生发展密切相关;③间充质干细胞治疗衰老相关缺血性脑卒中的作用机制主要包括:清除衰老细胞阻断炎症介质通路的损害,抑制促炎因子的表达减轻炎症反应,神经生成促进神经功能修复,增加脑血流量促进血管新生,分泌外泌体具有间充质干细胞的类似功能,可为今后间充质干细胞治疗缺血性脑卒中提供相关参考。④间充质干细胞移植虽然可以起到治疗缺血性脑卒中的作用,但是其移植后的迁移率及分布、分化细胞种类及分布、存活率、增殖情况、脑立体局部注射还是动静脉注射等问题需要进一步解决,探索更有效的细胞移植策略是关键因素,未来希望其能够通过联合抗衰老药物预防动脉粥样硬化,预防脑卒中。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6862-4635 (陈娜); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1500-1535 (张运克) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 细胞衰老, 间充质干细胞, 缺血性脑卒中, 血管新生, 神经生成, 炎症反应, 外泌体, 端粒

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aging has an important relationship with the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. Mesenchymal stem cells have the functions of self-renewal, differentiation and secretion, and may play a certain role in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
OBJECTIVE: To review the relationship between aging and ischemic stroke and the mechanism of action of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of aging-related ischemic stroke.
METHODS: The articles on the relationship between aging and ischemic stroke and mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of ischemic stroke published from 2006 to 2021 were searched in Wanfang, CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science. The key words were “aging, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), ischemic stroke” in Chinese and English. A total of 58 articles were included for analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate and secrete nutritional factors and vesicles and can be used for the treatment of aging-related ischemic stroke. (2) The pathological process of aging includes the accumulation of senescent cells to activate the secretion of inflammatory factors related to aging, which deteriorates the microenvironment of cell survival. The inflammatory response makes neurovascular unit damage after aging even worse. Oxidative stress causes the destruction of intracellular mitochondrial structure and dysfunction. The shortening of grains and changes in genetic material are closely related to aging and affect the stability of atherosclerosis, and are closely related to the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. (3) The action mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of aging-related ischemic stroke mainly include: removing senescent cells and blocking the damage of inflammatory mediator pathways, inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, reducing inflammation, neurogenesis, promoting nerve function repair, increasing cerebral blood flow, promoting angiogenesis, secreting exosomes and having similar function of mesenchymal stem cells, which can provide relevant reference for mesenchymal stem cell treatment of ischemic stroke in the future. (4) Although mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can play a role in the treatment of ischemic stroke, it needs to be further resolved that the migration rate and distribution after transplantation, the types and distribution of differentiated cells, survival rate, proliferation, brain three-dimensional local injection or arteriovenous injection. Exploring more effective transplantation strategies is a key factor in order to prevent atherosclerosis and stroke by combination with anti-aging drugs in the future.

Key words: cell senescence, mesenchymal stem cells, ischemic stroke, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, inflammatory response, exosomes, telomere

中图分类号: