中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (27): 4401-4407.doi: 10.12307/2021.204

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

人工关节假体周围骨溶解的机制和治疗策略

魏聪聪,姚孟轩,杨  梦,李会杰   

  1. 河北医科大学第三医院骨病科,河北省石家庄市   050051
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-27 修回日期:2020-12-04 接受日期:2021-01-07 出版日期:2021-09-28 发布日期:2021-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 李会杰,博士,主任医师,河北医科大学第三医院骨病科,河北省石家庄市 050051
  • 作者简介:魏聪聪,男,1995年生,陕西省西安市人,汉族,河北医科大学在读硕士,主要从事股骨头坏死、髋关节置换方面的研究。

Mechanism and treatment of osteolysis around artificial joint prosthesis

Wei Congcong, Yao Mengxuan, Yang Meng, Li Huijie   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2020-11-27 Revised:2020-12-04 Accepted:2021-01-07 Online:2021-09-28 Published:2021-04-10
  • Contact: Li Huijie, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Wei Congcong, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
髋关节置换:已经成为关节外科的一种常见的手术方式,用于治疗累及髋关节的骨折、中重度骨关节炎、骨肿瘤和先天性关节发育不良等疾病,主要目的是缓解关节疼痛、矫正畸形、恢复和改善关节的运动功能。
无菌性松动和假体周围骨溶解:是人工关节置换后严重的并发症,置换后假体周围骨质会因各种生物学因素发生不同程度的溶解,主要表现均为持续进展的关节疼痛和活动障碍,明显缩短了人工髋关节假体的使用寿命,严重影响置换效果,提高了翻修率。

背景:假体无菌性松动与假体周围骨溶解严重影响人工关节假体的使用寿命,影响置换效果,增加治疗费用。假体无菌性松动与假体周围骨溶解的机制研究为其治疗提供了新的方向。
目的:针对人工关节假体周围骨溶解的机制和治疗做一综述。
方法:应用计算机在 PubMed、Web of Science 和知网数据库检索涉及假体无菌性松动与假体周围骨溶解的相关研究,检索关键词为“periprosthetic osteolysis”“aseptic loosening”“假体周围骨溶解”“假体无菌性松动”,检索时间为2000年3月至2020年9月,最终纳入文献69篇。
结果与结论:①可能改变植入物诱导反应的关键点是:巨噬细胞极化,假体周围细胞的促破骨细胞信号,核因子κB 受体活化因子配体介导的破骨细胞生成,参与炎症/破骨细胞生成的核因子κB和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶途径,假体周围膜坏死与凋亡的延伸;②机械因素,如重复应力/应变也可能导致假体周围骨溶解,但是这些因素难以改变;③对假体周围骨溶解病理生理学的详细了解为其预防措施提供了新的可能性,可在未来显著降低人工关节置换后假体周围骨溶解和无菌性松动的发生率。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-6167 (魏聪聪) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 关节置换, 假体周围骨溶解, 无菌性松动, 巨噬细胞, 破骨细胞, 成骨细胞, 颗粒

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aseptic loosening of prosthesis and periprosthetic osteolysis seriously affect the service life of artificial hip joint prosthesis, affect the postoperative effect and increase the cost of treatment. The mechanism of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis provides a new direction for its treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism and treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis.
METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was performed to retrieve studies regarding aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis published between March 2000 and September 2020 with the search terms “periprosthetic osteolysis” “aseptic loosening”. Finally, 69 articles were included. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Key points that may alter the implant-induced response are: macrophage polarization; osteoclastogenic cell signaling by periprosthetic cells; receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand-mediated osteoclastogenesis; nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways involved in inflammation/osteoclastogenesis; and extension of periprosthetic membrane necrosis and apoptosis. (2) Mechanical factors such as repetitive stress/strain may also contribute to periprosthetic osteolysis; however, these factors are difficult to change. (3) A detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of periprosthetic osteolysis opens new possibilities for preventive measures that could significantly reduce periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening rates after prosthetic joint replacement in the future.

Key words: arthroplasty, periprosthetic osteolysis, aseptic loosening, macrophages, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, granules

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