中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (23): 3740-3745.doi: 10.12307/2021.048

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

视神经再生机制研究与进展

李珊珊,尤  冉,郭笑霄,赵  露,王艳玲,陈  曦   

  1. 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院眼科,北京市  100050
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-23 修回日期:2020-03-27 接受日期:2020-07-04 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 王艳玲,博士,主任医师,首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院眼科,北京市 100050 并列通讯作者:陈曦,博士,医师,首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院眼科,北京市 100050
  • 作者简介:李珊珊,女,黑龙江省明水县人,汉族,首都医科大学在读博士,主要从事干细胞治疗视网膜变性疾病的基础和临床应用研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81870686),项目负责人:王艳玲;北京市自然科学基金资助(7184201),项目负责人:陈曦;首都卫生发展科研专项资助(首发2018-1-2021),项目负责人:王艳玲

Advances in the mechanisms of optic nerve regeneration

Li Shanshan, You Ran, Guo Xiaoxiao, Zhao Lu, Wang Yanling, Chen Xi   

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • Received:2020-03-23 Revised:2020-03-27 Accepted:2020-07-04 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-02-24
  • Contact: Wang Yanling, MD, Chief physician, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Co-corresponding author: Chen Xi, MD, Physician, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • About author:Li Shanshan, MD candidate, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Project), No. 81870686 (to WYL); Beijing Natural Science Foundation, No. 7184201 (to CX); Capital Health Development Research Special Fund, No. 2018-1-2021 (to WYL)

摘要:

文题释义:
视神经:是视网膜的神经纤维。始于视网膜的节细胞,神经纤维到视盘后,穿出巩膜筛状层成为视神经。视神经是中枢神经系统的一部分,视网膜所得到的视觉信息经视神经传送到大脑。视神经是指从视盘起,至视交叉前角止的这段神经,全长42-47 mm。分为4部分:眼内段,长1 mm;眶内段,长25-30 mm;管内段,长4-10 mm;颅内段,长10 mm。视神经为特殊躯体感觉神经,传导视觉冲动。
视觉:视觉的产生起源于视网膜的感光细胞,感光细胞将光信号转为电信号进而传递给中间神经元(水平细胞,双极细胞,无长突细胞),再由中间神经元传递给神经节细胞,这些电信号沿视神经轴突继续传播,经轴突投射到脑干相应核区,将图像形成信息传递到皮质(外侧膝状体背侧核和上丘),并介导定向反应,调节昼夜节律,瞳孔对光反射和稳定视网膜图像(视觉)。

背景:视神经是广泛用于研究促进或抑制中枢神经系统中轴突再生因素的主要载体之一。
目的:对视神经再生机制研究进展予以综述。
方法:以“Optic nerve,Axon regeneration,Retinal ganglion cell”为英文检索词,以“视神经,轴突再生,视网膜节细胞”为中文检索词,检索发表在PubMed、CNKI、万方数据库的相关文献。
结果与结论:在成年个体中视网膜神经节细胞并不具有再生能力,但是在过去几十年的研究中发现,在适当条件的刺激下,其轴突仍具有部分再生的潜能。通过外周神经片段移植、神经营养性因子治疗、增强眼内炎症反应、阻断轴突生长抑制因子和增强或阻断特定的信号通路等方式,或者将上述方法组合应用,视网膜节细胞轴突可再生通过损伤区域,并延伸视神经全长,通过视交叉准确投射到视觉中枢,建立突触后反应。视神经再生的研究不仅可能帮助患者恢复视觉,而且也有助于其他中枢神经系统损伤治疗的研究。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-5247 (李珊珊) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-0122 (王艳玲) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-3394 (陈曦) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 视神经, 轴突再生, 视网膜节细胞, 炎症刺激, 神经营养性因子, PTEN

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The optic nerve has been widely used as a main carrier for promoting or inhibiting axon regeneration in the central nervous system.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in the mechanism of optic nerve regeneration
METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang database were searched for relevant studies using the keywords of “optic nerve, axon regeneration, retinal ganglion cell” in English and Chinese, respectively. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Although retinal ganglion cells in adults show no capacity to regenerate their axons following optic nerve damage, in the past several decades, studies have shown that retinal ganglion cells have the potential to partially regenerate axons under proper conditions. Recently, some degree of regeneration has been achieved through a segment of peripheral nerve grafted to the optic nerve, or the optic nerve itself by factors associated with intraocular inflammation, or by applying trophic factors, blocking suppressors of axon growth or altering levels of the intracellular signaling pathway. Combinatorial treatments that include two or more of these factors enable some retinal ganglion cells to regenerate axons from the eye through the entire length of the optic nerve and across the optic chiasm. In some cases, regenerating axons have been shown to innervate the appropriate central target areas and elicit postsynaptic responses. Thus, progress in optic nerve regeneration holds promise not only for visual restoration but also for improving outcomes after injury to other parts of the mature central nervous system.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

Key words: optic nerve,  axon regeneration, retinal ganglion cell, inflammatory stimulation,  neurotrophic factor, PTEN

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