干细胞与视神经保护及其损伤修复

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.23.042

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (23): 4367-4370.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.23.042

• 干细胞学术探讨 stem cell academic discussion • 上一篇下一篇

干细胞与视神经保护及其损伤修复

张敏，黄冰

中山大学中山眼科中心，中山大学眼科学国家重点实验室，广东省广州市 510060

出版日期:2010-06-04 发布日期:2010-06-04
通讯作者: 黄冰，硕士，副研究员，中山大学中山眼科中心，中山大学眼科学国家重点实验室，广东省广州市 510060 huangbing2000@hotmail.com
作者简介:张敏，女，1985年生，湖北省当阳市人，汉族，中山大学在读硕士，主要从事干细胞及眼科学动物模型方面的研究。
基金资助:
广东省科技计划项目（2008A060202008）

Stem cells in optic nerve protection and restoration following injury

Zhang Min, Huang Bing

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China

Online:2010-06-04 Published:2010-06-04
Contact: Huang Bing, Master, Associate investigator, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China huangbing2000@ hotmail.com
About author:Zhang Min, Studying for master’s degree, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China zhangm35@mail2. sysu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province, No. 2008A060202008*

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

背景：视神经作为特殊分化的中枢神经，损伤后视网膜神经细胞修复和再生困难，最终导致不可逆性视功能丧失，目前临床尚缺乏行之有效的治疗措施。由于干细胞的多向分化潜，其在视神经保护及损伤修复中的作用日渐成为研究热点。
目的：对视神经保护研究的干细胞种类、干细胞移植方式、干细移植在视神经保护及损伤修复中作用进行综述。
方法：应用计算机检索ISI Web of Knowledge平台数据库(1994-02/ 2009-04)，以“stem cells，optic nerve”为检索词；应用计算机检索中国知网全文数据库(1994-02/2009-04)，以“干细胞、视神经”为检索词。
结果与结论：共收集98篇有关干细胞与视神经保护及损伤修复的文献，中文23篇，英文75篇。排除发表时间较早、重复及类似研究，纳入38篇符合标准的文献。干细胞既具有生理性的自我更新能力，又具有对损伤组织的修复能力。目前大部分有关干细胞与视神经保护和损伤修复的研究都只表现在形态结构方面，如何使干细胞安全有效地植入体内及稳定视功能重现仍需努力。取材较方便的皮肤干细胞、外周血干细胞、脂肪干细胞等都是很好的实验材料，应深入研究使其得到更好的利用。

关键词: 移植, 视神经保护, 视神经损伤, 修复, 干细胞

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: As a specially differentiated central nerve, optic nerve is once injured, retinal neurons are hard to restore and regenerate. As a result, visual function is lost permanently. Currently, an effective clinical treatment is not available. Due to the multi-directional differentiated potential of stem cells, their role in optic nerve protection and restoration following injury is becoming a hot research spot.
OBJECTIVE: To review the classification and transplantation of stem cells in optic nerve protection study, as well as roles of stem cells transplantation in optic nerve protection and repair following injury.
METHODS: The database of ISI Web of Knowledge platform was searched on computer from February 1994 to April 2009, with the key words “stem cells, optic nerve” in English. In the same way, the database of CNKI from February 1994 to April 2009 was also screened, with the key words “stem cells, optic nerve” in Chinese.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 98 literatures related to stem cells in optic nerve protection and restoration after injury are collected, in which 23 papers are Chinese and 75 papers are English. The studies published earlier, repetitively and similarly are removed, and 38 papers which comply with the standards are involved into this review. Stem cells own the potential of self-renew physiologically, as well as potential of repairing the injuries. At present, most of the researches on stem cells in optic nerve protection and restoration after injury are represented in morphosis. How to implant stem cells safely and effectively and how to recover stable visual function still need our efforts. Stem cells derived from skin, peripheral blood, fat and other tissues are convenient to draw materials and are commendable subjects, we should study them deeply to make preferable use.

中图分类号:

R394.2

张敏，黄冰. 干细胞与视神经保护及其损伤修复[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2010, 14(23): 4367-4370.

Zhang Min, Huang Bing. Stem cells in optic nerve protection and restoration following injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2010, 14(23): 4367-4370.

参考文献

引言

Glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, trauma- or ischemia-caused optic neuropathy are the current main causes of blindness. Successful treatment of optic nerve diseases are divided into three steps: ① To prevent retinal ganglion cell death. ② To induce the retinal ganglion cell degeneration and axonal regeneration. ③ To establish the synaptic relationships between retinal ganglion cells and target tissues. Step 1, to prevent retinal ganglion cell death, is known as the neurological protection, Step 2 and Step 3 to restore nerve function, serving as nerve repair^[1]. The current treatment for these diseases is based on the premise that wiping out the main cause, to prevent the retinal nerve cell’s apoptosis or death by using the appropriate drugs according to varied reasons and sectors of optic nerve injury, so as to protect the visual function. These treatments, although can control early developments of some retinal neurogenic diseases, are still difficult to achieve a breakthrough for the majority of the patients at advanced stage with serious damage to retinal nerve cells and few remnants of the functional optic nerve cells. Only access to a large number of cells with the characteristics of retinal retinal cells, may be a fundamental treatment of these diseases^[2]. The development and differentiation of nerve cells go through several stages, firstly differentiating from the totipotential stem cells into multipotent stem cells, which may further differentiate into neural stem cells and then neural precursor cells, and mature nerve cells. As the multi-directional differentiation potential of stem cells, they can be amplified and induced to differentiate into target cells under suitable in vivo and in vitro micro-environments, therefore it can be used for a replacement therapy of optic nerve protection and tissue restoration. Histologically, the optic nerves are similar to white matter in the brain substance and in the spinal cord, it belongs to central nervous nerve rather than ordinary peripheral nerves^[3]. Song et al^[4] used neural stem cells in adult rat hippocampus to successfully obtain functional mature central neurons by inducible differentiation, thus changing people’s thought of the central nervous system, once damaged, is non-renewable. The present view is that the optic nerve of mammals, including humans, could be repaired and regenerated in a specific environment and condition^[5]. Studies have found that optic ganglion cells in zebra fish could regenerate after all the retina are damaged, therefore providing a theoretical basis for treatment of human retinal diseases through re-appearing the missing or damaged neurons^[6]. Now, as various adult stem cells have been discovered, then in vitro amplified and induced differentiate into neural cells, as well as the advanced study on stem cell transplantation in animal models of optic nerve, the study regarding the stem cell transplantation have made gratifying basic progress in the repair of the damaged optic nerve protection and injury restoration.

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干细胞与视神经保护及其损伤修复

Stem cells in optic nerve protection and restoration following injury

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