中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 631-636.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1948

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

壳聚糖基多糖材料防治口腔疾病的作用

刘海燕1,2,胡  阳1,武秀萍2,潘浩波1,荆  璇2   

  1. 1中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,广东省深圳市  518055;2山西医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,山西省太原市  030001
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-08 修回日期:2019-03-16 接受日期:2019-05-23 出版日期:2020-02-08 发布日期:2020-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 胡阳,副研究员,中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,广东省深圳市 518055
  • 作者简介:刘海燕,女,1992年生,山西省吕梁市人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事医学材料研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31570967);国家自然科学基金项目(31870956,81672227)

Chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterial for prevention and treatment of oral diseases

Liu Haiyan1,2, Hu Yang1, Wu Xiuping2, Pan Haobo1, Jing Xuan2   

  1. 1Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Liaoning Province, China; 2School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University Stomatological Hospital, Taiyuan  030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2019-03-08 Revised:2019-03-16 Accepted:2019-05-23 Online:2020-02-08 Published:2020-01-07
  • Contact: Hu Yang, Associate investigator, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Liu Haiyan, Master candidate, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Liaoning Province, China; School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University Stomatological Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31570967, Nos. 31870956, 81672227

摘要:

文题释义:
壳聚糖:是一种包含共聚物葡糖胺和N-乙酰葡糖胺的多糖,有良好的生物相容性和明显的抑菌性能,可作为龋病治疗的潜在药物。有研究证实壳聚糖对中间普氏菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌和聚核梭杆菌有良好的抗菌活性,且不同分子量可对抗口腔内不同的菌属。
壳聚糖的抗菌机制:①壳聚糖的多聚阳离子易与真菌细胞表面带负电荷的基团作用,从而改变病原菌细胞膜的流动性和通透性;②干扰DNA的复制与转录;③阻断病原菌代谢。

背景:多糖基材料具有亲水性和促进细胞黏附、增殖和分化的作用,不仅可对口腔疾病进行有效预防和保护,还可实现牙周膜、牙釉质及牙槽骨的再生。

目的:综述以壳聚糖为主多糖基材料在口腔众多领域中的应用进展。

方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、中国知网数据库中发表的相关文献,检索中、英文关键词为“多糖和口腔疾病,polysaccharide and oral disease(chitosan or hyaluronic acid or cellulose)and oral disease”。

结果与结论:壳聚糖具有类人体氨基葡聚糖结构及纤维素和胶原的生物功能,具有良好的生物相容性,因此壳聚糖基多糖材料适用于牙周、口颌系统、美学修复、正畸等领域。在病损前期,多糖物质可预防口腔疾病的发生,抑制菌斑微生物的聚集;在病损修复期,多糖物质本身对细胞的增殖和分化具有促进作用,并且具有良好的抑菌作用,也可在多糖材料特定效能的协助下持久有效发挥黏结、抗菌、再生等效果。此外,多糖也可在体内酶解产生单糖,利于组织修复。在未来的治疗领域,可较好利用多糖的可降解性、生物相容性、易获取及特定的网状结构、表面电荷等特性扩大其应用范围。

ORCID:0000-0001-7739-101X(刘海燕)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 多糖基材料, 壳聚糖, 聚合物, 生物相容性, 口腔疾病, 再生, 改性, 应用

Abstract:


BACKGROUND: Polysaccharide-based biomaterials are hydrophilic and can promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. They can not only effectively prevent against oral diseases, but also promote the regeneration of periodontal ligament, enamel and alveolar bone.

OBJECTIVE: To review the application of chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterial in many oral diseases.

METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed to retrieve papers regarding application of chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterial in oral diseases with the search terms “polysaccharide (chitosan or hyaluronic acid or cellulose) and oral disease” in Chinese and English.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterial can be used in periodontal, oral and maxillofacial systems, aesthetic restoration, orthodontics and other fields because chitosan has aminoglucan-like structure and the biological functions of cellulose and collagen, and possesses good biocompatibility. In the early stage of the disease, polysaccharide substance can prevent the occurrence of oral diseases and inhibit the accumulation of plaque microorganisms. During the repair period of the disease, polysaccharide substance itself can promote cell proliferation and differentiation, and has a good antibacterial effect. With the help of the specific efficacy of polysaccharide biomaterials, polysaccharide can effectively exert adhesion, antibacterial and regeneration effects. In addition, polysaccharides can also be digested to monosaccharides in vivo, which is good for tissue repair. In the future therapeutic field, the degradability, biocompatibility, easy availability, specific network structure, surface charge and other characteristics of the polysaccharide can be better utilized to expand the application range.

Key words: polysaccharide-based biomaterial, chitosan, polymer, biocompatibility, oral disease, regeneration, modification, application

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