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05 February 2013, Volume 17 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell injection for treatment of β-ray-irradiated skin injury in rats Shen Guo-liang, Su Ben-xuan, Lin Wei, Qi Qiang, Zhao Xiao-yu, Lu Xing-an 2013, 17 (6):  951-956.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.001 Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (475KB) ( 742 )   Save BACKGROUND: The β-ray-irradiated skin injury is difficult to heal and there is no effective treatment method for β-ray-irradiated skin injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treatment of β-ray-irradiated skin injury in rats. METHODS: Three Sprague-Dawley female rats were killed to isolate and culture the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, then the cells were labeled with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole to prepare the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells suspension after passaged to the fifth generation. Forty-seven Sprague- Dawley female rats of 3 months old and clean grade were randomly divided into three groups: treatment group, control group, and normal group. In the treatment group, single dosage (45 Gy) of β-ray irradiation produced by linear accelerator was applied on buttock skin (40 mm×30 mm) in rats, and the acute deep Ⅱ β-ray-irradiated skin injury model was established. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension was injected in the subcutaneous and dermal layers after the wound appeared. The rats in the control group were irradiated as those in the treatment group, and placebo was injected when the wound appeared, with the same method as the treatment group. Rats in the normal group were not irradiated. The pathological changes of wound tissue of rats in each group were observed at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after treatment under light microscope, and the concentration of CD31, CK4 and fibroblast growth factor was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The wound healing time in the treatment group was shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed the number of CD31, CK4 and fibroblast growth factor positive cells in the treatment group at 1-4 weeks after bone mesenchymal stem cell suspension injection was significantly greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05). It indicates that bone mesenchymal stem cell injection can promote the wound healing of β-ray-irradiated skin injury and reduce wound healing time. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of tissue-engineered heart valve with human bone marrow stromal stem cells in vitro Kang Kai1, Qu Hui2, Tang Ji-quan, Jia Zhi-bo, Zhang Yu-nan, Zhang Chun-feng, Wu Hua, Li Ren-ke, Jiang Shu-lin 2013, 17 (6):  957-962.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.002 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (586KB) ( 723 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nowadays, mechanical or biological valve recipients used in the clinic are still at the risk of infection, hemorrhage, thrombosis and reoperation owing to valve stenosis. Tissue-engineered heart valve with biological activity can overcome the disadvantages above. While, the optimal choice of scaffolds and seeding cells remains disputable. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility to construct tissue-engineered heart valve with acellularized porcine aortic valve scaffold and human bone marrow stromal stem cells in vitro. METHODS: The porcine aortic valves were decellularized with the detergent and enzymatic extraction process to remove the cellular components. Human bone marrow stromal stem cells were aspirated from sternum of the patients with simple congenital heart malformation, and then the cells were seeded on the acellularized porcine aortic valve scaffold and cultured for 5 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry identified that the characteristics of surface antigen of the inoculated seed cells were in line with those of human bone marrow stromal stem cells. Light microscopy and electron microscopy confirmed that the cellular components in the porcine aortic valves could be removed to obtain the complete acellular fiber mesh stent. There was no significant difference in biomechanical property between before and after acellularization. The human bone marrow stromal stem cells implanted on the acellularized porcine aortic valve scaffold could form a continuous cell layer on the surfaces of the scaffold. The inoculated bone marrow stromal stem cells could be differentiated into fibroblasts. The implantation of human bone marrow stromal stem cells on the acellularized porcine aortic valve scaffold can construct the tissue-engineered heart valve. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stromal cell-derived factor-1 from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protects myocardial cells Mao Hong-bo, Zou Sai, Tang Jun-ming, Yang Jian-ye, Wang Jia-ning, Kong Xia, Guo Ling-yun, Zheng Fei, Zhang Lei, Huang Yong-zhang 2013, 17 (6):  963-968.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.003 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (531KB) ( 570 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that stem cells expressing CXCR4 can migrate into myocardial infarction region to improve the heart function by regenerating myocardial tissue and vessels under the gradient concentrations of stromal cell-derived factor-1. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1 from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on myocardial cells. METHODS: Conditioned medium of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured for 2 days was collected. Under hypoxic condition, H9C2 cells were pretreated with CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 (5 mg/mL) or PI3-K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 (10 μM) for 1 hour. After treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium, H9C2 cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/PI double staining methods. Expression of Akt and pAkt in H9C2 cells was analyzed by Western blotting. Expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 was analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: RT-PCR results showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells expressed stromal cell-derived factor-1. Western blotting results showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium increased pAkt protein level in H9C2 cells. Annexin V/PI analysis showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium significantly decreased apoptosis of H9C2 cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and this anti-apoptotic effect could be blocked by CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 or PI3-K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 from mesenchymal stem cells plays an important role in the protection of cardiomyocytes through PI3-K/Akt signal pathway. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cardiac function of pigs with myocardial infarction after autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation Yu Gui-ping, Shen Zhen-ya, Guo Shi-qiang, Yu Yun-sheng, Chen Guo-qiang 2013, 17 (6):  969-973.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.004 Abstract ( 318 )   PDF (362KB) ( 449 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stem cells transplantation can improve the ischemic myocardial blood supply and improve the cardiac function. OBJECTIVE: To further identify the application and effect of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the cardiac function after myocardial infarction. METHODS: Fifteen Taihu Meishan pigs were selected to make the myocardial infarction models, and then divided into four groups (5 swine in each group). At 2 weeks after modeling, the pigs were treated with autologous bone marrow stem cells transplantation. The change in each index of cardiac function was observed with Doppler. The level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor was detected in different periods after transplantation. At the end of the experiment, the general specimens were removed, and the colonization and differentiation of the transplanted cells were detected with immunohistochemistry, and the myocardial vascular density was also detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in ejection fraction, left ventricular internal dimension diastole and left ventricular internal dimension systole, as well as the myocardial vascular density and the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor at different time points between myocardial infarction 3 hours group and model group. Compared with the model group, the cardiac function indicators were improved in the transplantation group at 2 weeks after transplantation, the myocardial vascular density in the transplantation group was higher than that in the model group, the cardiac function at 2 weeks after myocardial infarction was better than others and the serum vascular endothelial growth factor level was improved after transplantation (P < 0.05). The results suggest that myocardial microenvironment at different time points has different effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and colonization, and bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation in the early scar repairing has positive effects on the improvement of cardiac function and the differentiation and colonization of bone marrow-derived stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation, culture and osteogenic induction of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Yu Jia-jia, Wang Xin-zhu, Zhao Lin, Sun Rui，Yan Xue-ping, Zhang Cang-yu, Ren Guang-tie, Tuo Zhen-he 2013, 17 (6):  974-979.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.005 Abstract ( 784 )   PDF (499KB) ( 587 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are important seed cells for tissue engineering because of their multi-directional differentiation potential and possibility to be amplified and cultured in vitro. But there have been no uniformed methods of in vitro culture and oriented differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasiblity of in vitro oriented differentation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and purified using density gradient centrifugation (1.073 g/mL Percoll separation solution for centrifugation at 3 000 r/min for 30 minutes, which was different from Ficoll separation solution for centrifugation at 2 000-2 500 r/min for 20-30 minutes as well as whole bone marrow culture method). After in vitro amplification, passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with common culture medium (control group) and osteoblast induction culture medium (experimental group). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A large number of high purity bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were successfully obtained. After osteogenic induction, the content of osteocalcin in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase and calcium tubercle staining were positive in the experimental group, but they were negative in the control group. These findings suggest that density gradient centrifugation can be used to isolate and culture rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and using this method, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be induce-differentiated into osteoblasts. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a co-culture system for human bone marrow stromal cells-osteoblasts in vitro Yang Chun-lu, Zhao Yong, Chen Jian-ting 2013, 17 (6):  980-984.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.006 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (420KB) ( 583 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts play a major role during bone repair and reconstruction and the two are closely associated with each other functionally. OBJECTIVE: To establish a co-culture system for bone marrow stromal cells-osteoblasts in vitro so as to investigate the features of both kinds of cells in one system. METHODS: Human bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts were primary isolated and these two kinds of cells were co-cultured in a Transwell system to establish a co-culture system for human bone marrow stromal cells-osteoblasts. The proliferation, apoptosis and other features of human bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts were determined by MTT assay, acridine orange staining and alkaline phosphatase activities. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The co-culture system for human bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts promoted the proliferation of osteoblasts, increased alkaline phosphatase expression, inhibited apoptosis of bone marrow stromal cells and promoted the aggregation of bone marrow stromal cells. These results indicate that in the co-culture system for human bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, bone marrow stromal cells can increase the osteogenic ability of osteoblasts by accelerating their proliferation; in addition, osteoblasts can lower the apoptosis of bone marrow stromal cells and strengthen their osteogenic differentiation. These findings suggest a close functional association between human bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Heat-shocked sweat gland cells induce the phenotype transformation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Ai Li, Weng Li-xin, Sun Tong-zhu 2013, 17 (6):  985-991.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.007 Abstract ( 474 )   PDF (826KB) ( 659 )   Save BACKGROUND: Co-culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with heat-shocked sweat gland cells or non-shocked sweat gland cells does not influence the phenotype transformation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To establish heat-shocked sweat gland cell models in vitro and a co-culture system of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and sweat gland cells. Morphological and phenotypic changes in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells before and after co-culture were analyzed. The feasibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into sweat gland cells was investigated. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and sweat gland cells were isolated, cultured, amplified and identified in vitro. In vitro heat-shocked sweat gland cell models were established and further incubated for 3-5 days. The supernatants were collected as conditioned medium to induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Morphology of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was compared between 5 and 10 days of co-culture. Phenotypic changes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after 10 days of co-culture were detected by immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were positive for surface markers CD29, CD44 and CD105, and sweat gland cells were positive for surface markers CK7, CK8, CK18, CK19 and CEA. After induction, the differentiated cells were positive for CEA, CK7, CK8 and CK19. However, positive expression of CEA, CK7, CK8 and CK19 was not detected in the differentiated cells after co-cultured with non-heat-shocked sweat gland cells. Through the flow cytometry, the positive expression rate of CEA, CK7, CK8 and CK19 was 60.67%, 53.34%, 54.11% and 58.62%, respectively in the differentiated cells. These findings suggest that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were successfully induced and phenotype of sweat gland cells was acquired. By the cross-mesoderm way, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the mesoderm can convert into sweat gland-like cells through establishing a proper in vitro culture system. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Induced differentiation of nucleus pulposus cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Chen Liang, Li Da-peng, Huang Yong-hui, Liu Kan 2013, 17 (6):  992-998.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.008 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (694KB) ( 662 )   Save BACKGROUND: There have been many reports addressing repair of degenerative lumbar intervertebral discs in rats using alginate compounded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. However, there are few reports describing biological indices of this compounded material versus normal nucleus pulposus cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inducing effects of normal nucleus pulposus cells on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under Transwell non-contact co-culture condition. METHODS: Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured from the whole bone marrow and identified. Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and nucleus pulposus cells compounded onto alginate were inoculated into a Transwell co-culture system. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compounded onto alginate were inoculated onto the upper layer, and nucleus pulposus cells compounded onto alginate were inoculated onto the lower layer. After 7 days of co-culture, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were retrieved from the upper layer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: RT-PCR results showed that type Ⅱ collagen, Sox-9 and versian mRNA expression in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells + nucleus pulposus cells group was similar to that in the normal nucleus pulposus cells group. These findings suggest that after co-cultured with nucleus pulposus cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be induced to differentiate into nucleus pulposus cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adipogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transfected by insulin gene-modified adenovirus vector Li Shi-long, Liu Yi, Hui Ling 2013, 17 (6):  999-1003.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.009 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (490KB) ( 499 )   Save BACKGROUND: Insulin is an important component of adipogenic inducers. Insulin has the half-life, which can continuously inactivate and degrade with the in vivo metabolism, and the cells and the materials implanted in the body cannot replace the culture medium to achieve the purpose like in in vitro environment. Transfection of insulin gene can make the transfected stem cells secret the insulin stably which can promote the adipogenic differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the adipogenic differentiation potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transfected by insulin gene-modified adenovirus vector. METHODS: Passage 4 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were collected and transfected with adenovirus vector with the multiplicity of infection of 20. The experiment was divided into four groups. Passage 4 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were included in the control group. Passage 4 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transfected with adenovirus vector were included in experimental group 1, passage 4 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells + adipogenic liquid were used in the experimental group 2, and passage 4 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transfected with adenovirus vector + adipogenic liquid were used in experimental group 3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After transfected for 48 hours, weak fluorescence in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was observed in experimental groups1 and 3 through the fluorescence microscope and strong fluorescence appeared after transfected for 72 hours After cultured with adipose-inducing culture medium for 14 days, the cells in the experimental groups 1, 2, 3 were red under microscope after oil red O staining, no lipid droplets were observed in the control group; the lipid droplets in the experimental group 3 were larger and more than those in the experimental group 2. Quantitative analysis showed the positive area of oil red O staining and the absorbance value in the experimental group 3 were greater than those in the experimental group 2 (P < 0.05). The results show that the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transfected by insulin gene-modified adenovirus vector can promote cell adipogenic differentiation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Semi-continuous perfusion culture process of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Initial time, perfusion frequency and perfusion volume Zhang Shu-xiang, Chen Yan-tian, Qi Nian-min 2013, 17 (6):  1004-1011.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.010 Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (544KB) ( 735 )   Save BACKGROUND: How to quickly improve the proliferation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a seed cell source is an urgent problem to meet the clinical requirement for the quantity and quality. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different initial time, frequencies and volumes of perfusion on the proliferation and metabolism of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and to establish a semi-continuous perfusion culture technique with high cell density. METHODS: Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and passaged, the batch cultured cells were used as control. The semi-continuous perfusion cultured cells were divided into three groups. In the initial time group: the cells were batch cultured for 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and then the media was changed for 75% every 2 days. In the perfusion frequency group: the cells were batch cultured for 48 hours, after that, the media was changed every 1, 2 and 3 days, respectively, and 75% media was changed. In the perfusion volume group: the media was changed every 2 days after batch cultured for 48 hours, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% media was changed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The relatively higher values of dilution rate and cell density were acquired with the suitable monolayer culture of perfusion initial time at 48 hours of batch culture, and 75% (volume ratio) media exchanged every day. The higher values of glucose consumption rate, lactate formation rate and ammonia formation rate, and lower value of glutamine consumption rate were attained with higher metabolic coefficient of lactate/glucose and lower metabolic coefficient of ammonia/glutamine. It showed that with higher medium dilution, nutrients including glucose, glutamine, trace elements and other unknown factors were sufficiently supplied to meet the requirement of cell growth, and the negative effects of lactate and ammonium and the interaction effect of some factors in the culture media on the cells were relieved, leading to the enhanced proliferation of cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oriented differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into islet-like cells in vitro Yu Ya-bin, Chen Wei, Bian Jian-min 2013, 17 (6):  1012-1017.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.011 Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (582KB) ( 612 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have some advantages such as easy acquirement and low immunity. But there is no mature program for differentiating into islet-like cells in vitro at present. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into islet-like cells in appropriate conditions. METHODS: The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured under sterile conditions, following passage for three generations. The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate into islet-like cells by two steps. Step 1: the cells were cultured in the dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium/F12 culture medium containing 100 μg/L β-nerve growth factors, 4 nmol/L activinA, 10 mmol/L nicotinamide, 25 μg/L epidermal growth factor and fetal bovine serum with the volume fraction of 10% for 7 days. Step 2: the induction medium was changed into the dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium /F12 culture medium containing 10 mmol/L nicotinamide, 10 μg/L alkaline fibroblast growth factors and 1% insulin-transferrin-selenium, and induced for 14 days. The cells in the control group were cultured with the dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium/F12 culture medium. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cells began to aggregate after induced for 2 weeks. After 3 weeks of induction, the glucose stimulation test was positive with the expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 and insulin. No insulin secretion was found in the control group and the expression of islet cells related gene was negative in the control group. The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were successfully induced to differentiate into the islet-like cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of human insulin-like growth factor 1 gene trasfection on adipose- derived stem cells Zhang Hai-ning, Ding Chang-rong, Lü Cheng-yu, Wang Ying-zhen, Zhou Feng, Xu Zong-yao 2013, 17 (6):  1018-1023.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.012 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (461KB) ( 511 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human insulin-like growth factor 1 gene produces effects on the proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible effects of human insulin-like growth factor 1 gene transfection on the adipose-derived stem cells cultured in vitro. METHODS: The cDNA for human insulin-like growth factor 1 was cloned into the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-hIGF-1. The adipose-derived stem cells were derived from adipose tissue and cultured in vitro, and then the plasmid was transfected into cells by Lipofectamine 2000. After gene transfection, changes in cell proliferation and morphology were observed. Through the use of inverted fluorescent microscopy, the marker gene coding enhanced green fluorescent protein was observed and the transfection efficiency was determined. The human insulin growth factor 1 concentration in the supernatant fluids was measured by ELISA. The expression of human insulin-like growth factor 1 was detected by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR. The changes in cell cycle before and after transfection were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-hIGF-1 was confirmed by gene sequencing and enzyme digestion. The adipose-derived stem cells cultured in vitro were in multiple shapes. The expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein was detected for the first time at 6 hours after transfection and peaked at 60 hours, with transfection efficacy of 16±3%. The concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the supernatant fluid was 22.65 μg/L at 60 hours after transfection. Human insulin growth factor 1 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR. Division and proliferation of the cells were accelerated after gene transfection, leading to the decrease of the population doubling time, and the increase of the percentage of stem cells in the S stage. These results indicate that human insulin growth factor 1 gene can be transfected efficiently into the adipose-derived stem cells by liposome and human insulin-like growth factor 1 protein can be secreted into the supernatant fluid, therefore accelerating the proliferation of the cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into functional islet-like cells using Conophlline and Nicotinamide Yang Ping, Zheng Qin-long, Wang Jin-feng, Huang Jia-xue 2013, 17 (6):  1024-1028.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.013 Abstract ( 318 )   PDF (432KB) ( 681 )   Save BACKGROUND: Allogenic islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes is limited by shortage of donor islet cells and immune suppression, bioengineered islet-like clusters developed from autogenic stem cells might benefit diabetic patients by immunorejection free and off-shelf cellular treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether adipose tissue from adults have the potential to differentiate into insulin secreting, glucose responsive, functional islet-like clusters and to develop a practical approach for islet bioengineering in vitro. METHODS: Human adipose stem cells were isolated, cultured and expanded from human subcutaneous adipose tissue. Conophylline, a new plant derived inducer, in combination with other factors were used to induce human adipose stem cells into islet-like clusters and their efficiencies for islet-like clusters generation were compared. Differentiated cells were identified by tissue specific surface marker staining, reverse transcription-PCR and immunocytochemistry at protein and mRNA level. Finally, insulin secretion of cell clusters in different glucose concentrations was tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Multipotential adipose stem cells were cultured and expanded from adult subcutaneous adipose tissues. Those stem cells were conveniently differentiated into glucose responsive and insulin-secreting functional islet-like clusters. Conophylline in combination with Nicotinamide have the best efficiency of differentiating human adipose stem cells into islet cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tail vein transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy Luo Jian-hong, He Xue-hua, Liao Jin-mao, Yuan Yong-hua, Hu Sha-ya 2013, 17 (6):  1029-1036.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.014 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (681KB) ( 610 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vitro studies have demonstrated that human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into autorhythmic myocardial cells. Few studies are reported regarding tail vein transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influences of tail vein transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells on myocardial structure and heart function in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Dilated cardiomyopathy was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin. In the dilated cardiomyopathy group, human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the rats via the tail vein at 8 weeks after dilated cardiomyopathy induction. In the model control group, equal amounts of DMEM were identically injected. In the blank control group, the rats were not subjected to dilated cardiomyopathy induction, but the same amount of physiological saline was injected at the same time point. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank control group, the heart function of rats in the dilated cardiomyopathy group and model control group was significantly injured, and the disease severity was milder in the dilated cardiomyopathy group than in the model control group. Troponin T expression was detected in the cells of rats receiving tail transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells can promote the recovery of heart function and alleviate the lesion of myocardial tissue in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Toxicity of fluadarabine versus antithymocyteglobulin in conditioning regimen of non-myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Zhuang Xiao-yin, Li Qing-shan, Wang Shun-qing, Zhou Ming 2013, 17 (6):  1037-1043.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.015 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (467KB) ( 569 )   Save BACKGROUND: The highly-effective conditioning regimens of proper dose and low-toxicity are the key to the successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Fludarabine and antithymocyteglobulin are intensive immunosuppressants, and are usually used in conditioning regimen of non-myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the toxicity of fluadarabine versus antithymocyteglobulin in the conditioning regimen of non-myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with malignant hematologic diseases were divided into fludarabine group and antithymocyteglobulin group according to the difference of immunosuppressants in conditioning regimen.Conditioning regimen consisted of fluadarabine or antithymocyteglobulin combined with the reduced-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide or L-Sarcolysinum. The donor lymphocyte infusion was performed after the formation of mixed chimerism in antithymocyteglobulin group. The toxicity in the two groups was statistically analyzed, and the regimen-related toxicity was scored using the criteria of Bearman. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No one died of regimen-related toxicity in two groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence of transaminase and diarrhea between fluadarabine and antithymocyteglobulin groups (P > 0.05); while the incidence of liver toxicity and mucositis in fluadarabine group was lower than that in the antithymocyteglobulin group (P < 0.05). About hemotologic toxicity, the time for white blood cell count reaching the lowest value and platelets ≥50×109/L, the volume of infused red cells and the volume of infused platelets in the fluadarabine group were lower than those in the antithymocyteglobulin group (P < 0.05). Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Does diabetes mellitus influence angiogenesis-promoting effects of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell transplantation? Zhou Chen-guang, Gong Jing-xin, Ma Yue, Zhou Ya-ru, Luan Feng, Yang Yan, Meng Jian-bo 2013, 17 (6):  1044-1048.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.016 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (377KB) ( 700 )   Save BACKGROUND: As an angiogenic precursor cells, endothelial progenitor cells have a good prospect in the treatment of diabetic vascular disease by promotion of angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of diabetes mellitus on the promotion of angiogenesis in the ischemic lower limb by transplantation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. METHODS: Rat models of diabetes mellitus were developed. Bone marrow mononuclear cells from the diabetes mellitus and normal rats were extracted and in vitro cultured towards endothelial progenitor cells. At the same time, diabetes mellitus and normal rat models of ischemic lower limb were established and received local transplantation of diabetes mellitus or normal rat endothelial progenitor cells or PBS into the ischemic region. After transplantation, vascular endothelial growth factor content and microvessel density in the lesion region were determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) When the recipients were the same, there were no significant differences in vascular endothelial growth factor content and microvessel density in the ischemic tissue between different donors after transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells from diabetes mellitus or normal rats (P > 0.05). (2) When the donors were the same, vascular endothelial growth factor content and microvessel density in the ischemic tissue were significantly greater in the normal rats than those in the diabetes mellitus rats. These findings suggest that diabetes mellitus exhibits no effects on the promotion of angiogenesis by local transplantation of the in vitro cultured endothelial progenitor cells but it greatly impacts the microenvironment of the lesion regions where angiogenesis occurs. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis mice Pan Yong, Yang Kun, Liu Yong-zhe 2013, 17 (6):  1049-1055.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.017 Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (528KB) ( 826 )   Save BACKGROUND: Silicosis is a serious disease that harms human’s health. So far, there has been no effective treatment strategy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on silicosis. METHODS: Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups. In the control group, mice received intrateacheal injection of physiological saline. Mice from the silicosis model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group received intrateacheal injection of silica crystals (SiO2) to establish silicosis mouse models. In the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transfused into the tail vein at 6 hours after silicosis induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hydroxyproline content in lung parenchyma in the silicosis model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group were significantly higher compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The hydrocyproline content in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the silicosis model group (P < 0.01). The lung index in the silicosis model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01), but the lung index was significantly lower in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group than in the silicosis model group (P < 0.01). Interleukin-1β expression in the lung tissue was significantly higher in the silicosis model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and interleukin-1β expression in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group was significantly lower than that in the silicosis model group (P < 0.01). Transforming growth factor β1 expression in the lung tissue was significantly higher in the silicosis model group (P < 0.01) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group (P < 0.05) than that in the control group, and transforming growth factor β1 expression was significantly lower in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group was significantly lower than that in the silicosis model group (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can alleviate pulmonary inflammatory reaction and pulmonary fibrosis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation, culture and identification of early and late endothelial progenitor cells from rat bone marrow and peripheral blood Wang Hong-juan, Wang Juan, Li Nan, Gao Hang, Liu Kang-ding 2013, 17 (6):  1056-1063.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.018 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (472KB) ( 504 )   Save BACKGROUND: Our experiments intended to obtain bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells from rat peripheral blood and bone marrow, and culture the late endothelial progenitor cells to perform the stem cells transplantation or endothelial progenitor cells combined with gene therapy in order to highly express the angiogenic factors, thus to promote the angiogenesis after ischemic cerebrovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To isolate and identify the endothelial progenitor cells from rat bone marrow and peripheral blood. METHODS: Mononuclear cells were obtained by using density gradient centrifugation and adherence screening method from bone marrow and peripheral blood of rats. Then the cells were induced, and the biological characteristics of the adherent cells were observed and recorded. Endothelial progenitor cells specific surface markers CD133, CD34 and KDR were selected and detected by immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of KDR and CD34. Phagocytosis experiment was carried out to further identify the cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Endothelial progenitor cells can be isolated from bone marrow and peripheral blood of rats; attached cells were positive for CD34, KDR and CD133 through immunofluorescence; cells were positive for CD34 and KDR by flow cytometry; cells could swallow acetylated-low-density lipoprotein, and bind with Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1. The endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from bone marrow and peripheral blood of rats successfully and the late endothelial progenitor cells that have strong proliferative activity were obtained. A better source of stem cells was found to form blood vessels. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological characteristics of rat peripheral blood versus bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells Cao Guang-yu, Chen Qing-wei, Li Xing-sheng, Yang Yan, Li Gui-qiong 2013, 17 (6):  1064-1068.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.019 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (540KB) ( 501 )   Save BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) not only participate in embryonic angiogenesis, but also participate in postnatal angiogenesis and vascular intima damage repair, exhibiting a great significance for the treatment of ischemic diseases. Nevertheless, the isolation, culture and identification of endothelial progenitor cells remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To isolate and culture endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow in vitro, and to compare their biological characteristics. METHODS: SD rat bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, inoculated on fibrinin-coated culture flask and cultured with complete medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth, and epidermal growth factor. Cell morphplogy, immunocytochemical staining, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy as well as Dil-acLDL, FITC-UEA-1 double fluorescence staining were performed on the harvested adherent cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A large number of endothelial progenitor cells were harvested from bone marrow, and they were grown in a colony-like manner and show strong proliferative capacity. A small number of endothelial progenitor cells were harvested from peripheral blood. They were grown in a sparse manner and could adhere to flask wall but could not be passaged. Immunocytochemical staining showed that adherent cells from two sources were positive for CD133, CD34, Flk-1 and VII factors at different time periods. Laser confocal microscopy showed that adherent cells from two sources can stain Dil-acLDL and FITC-UEA-1. Transmission electron microscopy showed that W-P body was found in the peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells. These results indicate that endothelial progenitor cells can be cultured from both bone marrow and peripheral blood, but early-stage endothelial progenitor cells can be cultured from bone marrow and late-stage endothelial progenitor cells can be cultured from peripheral blood. These two kinds of cells show different biological characteristics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro osteogenic differentiation and identification of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated and cultured with whole bone marrow adherent culture method Xiao Shi-hui, Wei Qing-jun, Zhao Jin-min, Bo Zhan-dong, Wei Ji-hua, Li Wei-an 2013, 17 (6):  1069-1074.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.020 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (519KB) ( 661 )   Save BACKGROUND: The flow cytometry and immunomagnetic separation method have greater impact on cell viability, and although the density gradient centrifugation method can be used to obtain the high purity monocytes, however, the multiple centrifugation may cause a huge loss of cells and has some impact on the cell activity, so the application is debatable. OBJECTIVE: To isolate and culture rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with whole bone marrow adherent culture method for osteogenic differentiation and identification. METHODS: The rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured by whole bone marrow adherent culture method, then the morphological characteristics of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were observed under inverted microscope. Under the induction of osteogenic inducer, alkaline phosphatase staining, typeⅠcollage immunocytochemical staining, alizarin red staining and Von-Kossa staining were performed to observe the morphology of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after osteogenic induction by electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After in vitro induced differentiation, rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibited the morphological and biological characteristics similar to typical osteoblasts, alkaline phosphatase staining, type Ⅰ collagen immunocytochemical staining, and Von-Kossa staining and alizarin red mineralization nodules staining were positive. All results indicate that rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro isolated and cultured with whole bone marrow adherent culture method can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts after osteogenic induction. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution characteristics of epidermal stem cells after treatment with fractional CO2 laser in a model of skin photoaging Tan Jun, Ding Wei, Li Gao-feng, Li Bo, Qin Xiao-dong 2013, 17 (6):  1075-1080.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.021 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (530KB) ( 729 )   Save BACKGROUND: There has been some progress in clinical application of fractional CO2 laser for treatment of facial photoaging. However, little is known about the change law of epidermal stem cells during wound healing process after treatment with fractional CO2 laser in a model of skin photoaging. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the quantity and distribution of epidermal stem cells during wound healing process after treatment with fractional CO2 laser in a mouse model of skin photoaging. METHODS: Ten Kunming mouse models of skin photoaging developed by exposure to ultraviolet radiation were treated with fractional CO2 laser (Deep FX). Wound healing was monitored and samples were harvested for determination of keratin 19 ad P63 expression by immunohistochemical staining before and 1, 3, 7 and 15 days after fractional CO2 laser treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The wounds almost healed at 15 days after treatment. Compared to before and day 1 treatment, Keratin 19 and P63 expression on day 3 were significantly increased, and keratin 19- and P63-positive cells were distributed in larger areas. Compared to days 1 and 3 of treatment, keratin 19- and P63-positive cells were significantly higher in quality and peaked on day 7 of treatment, and they were disorderly arranged in each epidermal layer. On day 15 of treatment, keratin 19- and P63-positive cells decreased in number and only accumulated in epidermal basal lamina and hair follicle eminence, and there was no significant difference in keratin 19- and P63-positive expression as compared with before and day 1 of treatment. These findings suggest that epidermal stem cells participate in the repair progress of skin photoaging in mice receiving fractional CO2 laser treatment and may play an important role in this process. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of cerebrolysin on cultured neuroglia antigen 2-positive neural progenitor cells Yu Xiu-jun, Li Yi, Wen Di 2013, 17 (6):  1081-1088.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.022 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (580KB) ( 634 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cerebrolysin can relieve the symptoms of many nervous system diseases, but the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. Cerebrolysin has been shown to promote neurogensis by in vivo and in vitro experiments. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cerebrolysin on the proliferation and differentiation of cultured neuroglia antigen 2-positive neural progenitor cells. METHODS: Neuroglia antigen 2 cells from the hippocampus of the adult rats were primary cultured and sub-cultured. Cell characteristics were identified by immunofluorescence staining. Cell viability was determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. The newly generated cells were identified by BrdU incorporation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cerebrolysin significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and significantly increased the number of neuroglia antigen 2-positive cells and the expression level of microtubule-associated protein 2a+2b, synapsin I, γ-aminobutyric acid and vesicularγ-aminobutyric acid transporter in neuroglia antigen 2-positive cells. These findings suggest that cerebrolysin can inhibit neuroglia antigen 2-positive cell apoptosis, promote neuroglia antigen 2-positive cell proliferation and differentiation into neurons (especially GABAergic inhibitory interneurons). Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Enzymatic digestion versus collagenase I digestion combined with mechanical dissociation for isolation of endometrial stem cells Ma Ying, He Yuan-li 2013, 17 (6):  1089-1093.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.023 Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (429KB) ( 635 )   Save BACKGROUND: There have been no standard methods used to isolate and culture of endometrial stem cells and the existing methods show poor repeatability. OBJECTIVE: To search a method that can be used to conveniently, high-efficiently and scientifically isolate endometrial stem cells. METHODS: Endometrial stem cells were isolated by collagenase Ⅰ digestion combined with mechanical dissociation and collagenase Ⅰ digestion. The number and growth cycle of living cells were compared between these two methods. CD90 and CD117 expression levels were detected by immunocytochemical staining and RT-PCR method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 15 days of primary culture, endometrial stem cells exhibited a shuttle-shaped appearance, adhered to the wall of culture dish, showed the morphology of fibroblasts and arranged in the absence of polarity. The expression of stem cell markers CD90 and CD117 was detected by immunocytochemical staining and RT-PCR method. This suggests that the cultured cells exhibit the characteristics of stem cells. Collagenase Ⅰ digestion combined with mechanical dissociation yielded higher number of living cells than enzymatic digestion (P < 0.01), but the growth cycle was the same after cultured by these two methods. These results indicate that collagenase Ⅰ digestion combined with mechanical dissociation is a convenient, highly efficient and scientific method used for in vitro isolation of endometrial stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Serum-containing drugs responsible for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation influences proliferation of olfactory ensheathing cells and secretion of related cytokines Rao Yao-jian, Zhu Wen-xiao, Ma Wen-hu, Wang Yong-jun 2013, 17 (6):  1094-1100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.024 Abstract ( 309 )   PDF (545KB) ( 442 )   Save BACKGROUND: Supplementing qi and removing blood stasis is the main therapeutic principle of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of spinal cord injury, but the efficacy is not plausible. But, whether the application of serum-containing drugs responsible for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation under the guidance of modern technology can treat spinal cord injury and improve the efficacy? OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of serum-containing drugs responsible for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation on the proliferation of olfactory ensheathing cells and the secretion of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. METHODS: The olfactory ensheathing cells were in vitro cultured with tissue block culture method. The effect of Buyanghuanwu decoction and Weizheng decoction on the proliferation of olfactory ensheathing cells was detected with MTT assay. The expression levels of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the culture supernatant were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MTT results showed that both Buyanghuanwu decoction and Weizheng decoction could promote the proliferation of olfactory ensheathing cells, and there was no significant difference in proliferation-promoting effect. Western blot assay results showed that both Buyanghuanwu decoction and Weizheng decoction could promote the expression of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in olfactory ensheathing cells, and there was no significant difference in secretion level between two groups. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts Lei Shuan-hu, Yue Hai-yuan, Wang Jing, Wang Yu-liang 2013, 17 (6):  1101-1106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.025 Abstract ( 881 )   PDF (647KB) ( 824 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the multi-potent differentiation ability, and can be induced to differentiate into the cells of various tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, liver and nerve. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in induced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: We retrieved the articles in CHKD database, PubMed database and Wanfang database published from 1995 to 2011 using the key words “bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblast cells, osteogenic differentiation”. Papers concerning bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were initially included. After excluding papers with repeated or obsolete contents, 34 papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can rapidly differentiate into osteoblasts and proliferate under suitable induction of growth factors. It holds great promise in future application; moreover, it is easy to obtain, separate, expand, and transfect without apparent immune rejection. However, there are still some problems such as isolation and purification of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, optimal density for differentiation into osteoblasts, oncogenicity, and safety in vivo, which need further investigation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for repair of articular cartilage injury Lai Jian-ming, Lin Jian-hua 2013, 17 (6):  1107-1110.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.026 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (528KB) ( 501 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential of self-renewal and multiple differentiations, and can be induced into osteoblasts and chondrocytes under certain conditions, so they have been widely used for articular cartilage repair in recent studies. OBJECTIVE: To review application of gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in repair of articular cartilage injury. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval of PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) was performed by the first author to search papers regarding gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for repair of articular cartilage injury using the English key words “cartilage, gene therapy, mesenchymal stem cells, tissue engineering, bioactive factor, vector”. After excluding papers with nonrelated and repetitive contents, 15 papers were suitable for final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used for repair of articular cartilage injury. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with specific exogenous gene introduced by transgenic technology could acquire better therapeutic effects in treatment of articular cartilage injury.   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of tissue-engineered bone using adipose-derived stem cells and Bio-oss scaffold for the treatment of peri-implantitis Jiang Quan-chun, Zhao Xiu-lan 2013, 17 (6):  1111-1115.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.027 Abstract ( 397 )   PDF (513KB) ( 576 )   Save BACKGROUND: Current treatments of peri-implantitis include surgery, laser therapy, ultrasonic scaling, local medication or their combination. However, there have been no ideal therapeutic effects achieved. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of treating peri-implantitis using tissue-engineered bone reconstructed by bone morphogenetic protein-modified adipose-derived stem cells and Bio-oss scaffold. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval of Pubmed database was performed to search papers published during January 1988 to December 2011 using the key words “adipose-derived stem cells, tissue engineering” in English. Simultaneously, related papers published during January 2005 to December 2011 in CNKI were retrieved using the key words “adipose-derived stem cells, tissue engineering” in Chinese. A total of 56 papers were retrieved. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to the characteristics and advantages of regenerative tissues in tissue engineering, a three-dimensional environment was established using adipose-derived stem cells as ideal seed cells, bone morphogenetic protein 2 as an ideal cytokine and Bio-oss biomaterial. The multiporous structure of Bio-oss biomaterial facilitates the migration of adipose-derived stem cells. After compounded by adipose-derived stem cells, bone morphogenetic protein 2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells, leading to new bone formation by deposition of calcium salt and achieving the purpose of treating peri-implantitis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro induced differentiation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells Li Li-chun, He Zhi, Li Jian-ping 2013, 17 (6):  1116-1121.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.028 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (589KB) ( 539 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared to bone marrow-, peripheral blood-, fat- and embryo-derived mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord- and placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells possess advantages including wide source, ease of harvesting, no immunological rejection or ethical compromise. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methods to in vitro isolate, culture and sub-culture of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells, providing experimental basis for clinical application of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval was performed to search papers regarding placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells published in PubMed database, Chinese Journal Full Text Database, Wanfang database using key words “placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells, induction and differentiation in vitro”. A total of 98 papers were retrieved, and 33 were suitable for final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells are in the stage of basic research in China, but some progress has been made in basic research and clinical application of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in countries outside China. Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells possess advantages including wide source, ease in sample harvesting and no immunological rejection or ethical compromise as well as less pain, fewer infection opportunities and stronger proliferative capacity compared to bone marrow donation or peripheral blood collection. For these reasons, placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells should be further studied. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationships between mesenchymal stem cells and tumor Dong Hui-yue, Wang Jin, Huang Liang-hu, Tan Jian-ming 2013, 17 (6):  1122-1128.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.029 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (554KB) ( 790 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells have tumor-targeting properties, and can be isolated easily and expand to the numbers required for application, and they can be genetically manipulated with viral vectors, which suggest the potential of mesenchymal stem cells in the clinical cancer gene therapy. OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, the tropism of tumor, the relationships between unmodified mesenchymal stem cells and tumor, and the treatment effect of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells on tumor. METHODS: A computer-based online search of literatures published between January 2002 to March 2012 related to mesenchymal stem cells and tumor was performed in PubMed database by the first author. The key words were “mesenchymal stem cells, tropism, genetically modified, tumor, therapy”. The repetitive and unrelated researches were excluded, and finally, 50 articles were included according to inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells can specifically migrate to multiple kinds of tumors and their metastases. Some studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells can promote the growth of tumor and some other studies have shown that they also inhibit the growth of tumor. The mode to modify the mesenchymal stem cells and perform the tumor gene therapy is mainly to carry the suicide gene, apoptosis genes, anti-angiogenic gene, immune-stimulating genes or oncolytic viral vectors. In vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed the effect of this method on tumor treatment. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stem cell transplantation for nerve repair Meng Xiang-peng, Sun Bao-hong, Chen Li-jie 2013, 17 (6):  1129-1134.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.030 Abstract ( 399 )   PDF (558KB) ( 522 )   Save BACKGROUND: With development of life science, tissue engineering technology involving stem cells likely enhances the regenerative capacity of injured nerve tissue. OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical application of several important stem cells in repair of nervous system injury and to clarify their application range and clinical validity, providing experimental evidence for clinical physicians. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval of PubMed database was performed for the related articles regarding stem cell transplantation for nerve repair published during 1998-2011, with the key words “stem cells; transplantation; nerve repair” in English. Meanwhile, relevant articles published in Wanfang database during 2006-2011 were retrieved with key words “ stem cells; transplantation; nerve repair” in Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Through the initial retrieval, 284 basic research or clinical application papers were searched. These papers were analyzed in terms of source, differentiation, characteristics of transplanted stem cells as well as the effects of stem cell transplantation on nerve repair irrespective of humans or animals as subjects. After excluding papers with repetitive contents and case report papers, 28 papers were included in the final analysis. This suggests that stem cell transplantation provides a novel pathway to treatment of nervous system diseases and enables structure repair and functional reconstruction of nerve tissue that can be traditionally considered impossible. Stem cell transplantation is a brand-new research field and there are many problems to be solved. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Homing mechanism of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Gu Wei, Gu Jian 2013, 17 (6):  1135-1140.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.06.031 Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (625KB) ( 928 )   Save BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have been used as ideal seed cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because of the advantages of easy in harvest, non-pollution, easy amplification, no ethical issues and multi-directional differentiation potential. OBJECTIVE: To review the homing mechanism of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: The CNKI database, Wanfang database and PubMed database were searched by computer with key words “human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, homing mechanism or home” both in English and Chinese for the articles related to umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, homing mechanism and clinical applications. All articles were recently published or published in the authorized journals. A total of 31 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have the advantages of immune regulation and multi-directional differentiation, which provide a new treatment method of many diseases, while the characteristic of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells homing to ischemic or inflammatory tissue is the key to safe and effective clinical application. Understanding the homing mechanism of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and making an efficient homing of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are important for cell therapy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics