Repairing rabbit radial bone defects with three-dimensional tissue-engineered bone composite scaffold

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.03.009

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Silk fibroin/chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (SF/CS/nHA) composite scaffold constructed in preliminary experiments has good physical and chemical properties.
OBJECTIVE: To study the capacity and mechanism of SF/CS/nHA composite scaffold for repair of rabbit radial bone defects.
METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were selected to make animal models of right radial bone defects, and then randomly divided into SF/CS/nHA group, SF/CS group and blank control group. Blank control group had no treatment after modeling. X-ray radiography, gross observation and histopathological observation were performed at 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks postoperatively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sixteen weeks after surgery, bone defects in the SF/CS/nHA group were completed replaced by normal bone tissue on X-ray images, and the bone marrow cavity showed complete recanalization with new bone formation; hematoxylin-eosin staining showed bone trabecula and many fusiform bone cells. In the SF/CS group, the bone mineral density in the defect area was slightly lower than that of the normal bone tissues, the bone marrow cavity was partly rehabilitated, and many chondrocytes were seen around bone cells that arranged irregularly with no bone trabecula or bone lamella. In the blank control group, the images of bone calcification were consistent with normal bone tissues, and a closed bone ununion was formed at each end; hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the blank control group was filled by fibrous connective tissue and a small amount of bone-like tissues. SF/CS/nHA composite scaffold is better for repair of rabbit radial bone defects.

Key words: biocompatible materials, silk fibroin, chitosan, nanoparticles, hydroxyapatites

CLC Number:

R318

Ye Peng, Ma Li-kun, Huang Wen-liang, She Rong-feng, Tian Ren-yuan, Deng Jiang. Repairing rabbit radial bone defects with three-dimensional tissue-engineered bone composite scaffold[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2014, 18(3): 383-388.

Figures/Tables 3

2.1 各组术后一般情况与大体观察各组兔术后半天开始进食，术后1周内伤口陆续愈合，未见感染，无红肿、流脓现象。1周后实验组、对照组兔活动明显较空白对照组活跃，3周后各组活动皆可。术后4周时实验组、对照组支架外层被纤维结缔组织所包裹，在骨膜下支架开始钙化呈现出灰白色，两组区别不大。术后8周时再观察发现实验组支架由骨痂样物质所替代，对照组内部呈现出淡黄色。第12-16周时实验组支架则逐渐呈现出色泽、质地与正常骨组织无明显区别的骨连接；对照组表现出支架呈现淡黄色外观，与软骨组织相似；而空白对照组两断端虽然早期有一定的骨组织生长延长，但最终未能完成骨缺损的连接，中间部分始终由软组织所填充(图1)。 2.2 各组术后X射线成骨情况实验组术后4周时可见缺损区支架材料填充部分有较明显的灰白色高密度影；术后8周时钙化影较前加深，与周围软组织区别明显；术后12周时可见由两断端向中间有少许的骨髓腔再通；术后16周时缺损区影像与正常骨组织已无区别，骨髓腔完成了再通，(图2)。对照组术后4周时可见支架材料部分有散在的钙化影，较周围软组织影明显升高，但整体形态比较模糊；术后8周时钙化影进一步升高，但比正常骨组织影低，整体形态较前期清晰；术后12-16周的X射线显示骨密度影略低于正常骨组织，有部分骨髓腔再通(图3)。空白对照组术后4周时骨缺损两断端都有新生的骨组织向断端中央爬行生长，但生长的距离很短；术后8周时两断端的骨钙化影有进一步的升高，但延长效果并不明显，空白部分可见软组织影；术后12-16周两短端的比较显示骨延长的效果已停止，断端的钙化影升高同正常骨组织一致，断端各自封闭，形成了骨不连接(图4)。 2.3 术后各组病理切片结果及组织学评分随着时间的延长，各组骨缺损均有恢复，至15周时，实验组有明显的骨组织生成，低倍镜下可见骨小梁和较多核深染的长梭形骨细胞，清晰的骨板平面，并可见中央管和外围层状排列的骨基质与其中的骨细胞；高倍镜下可见长梭形的骨细胞(图5A，B)。对照组低倍镜可见部分材料由骨组织所替代修复，但可见骨细胞周围有不少的软骨细胞，未见明显的骨小梁或骨板结构，排列较紊乱；高倍镜下可见有较多软骨细胞存在(图5C，D)。空白对照组低倍镜下可见较多纤维组织和少量类骨组织；高倍镜下见圆形深染的肌纤维细胞核，其形态较骨细胞明显大和空泡状的脂肪细胞(图5E，F)。各组 Lane-Sandhu 组织学评分结果(表1)。"

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