Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (27): 4349-4355.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2801
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Lai Yu1, Han Jie2
Received:
2019-12-30
Revised:
2020-01-07
Accepted:
2020-02-26
Online:
2020-09-28
Published:
2020-09-09
Contact:
Han Jie, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
About author:
Lai Yu, Master candidate, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Lai Yu, Han Jie. Mechanism and progress of exosomes in the treatment of nonunion[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2020, 24(27): 4349-4355.
2.2.1 外泌体的来源 外泌体是细胞外囊泡小体,直径为40-100 nm[4],由不同类型的细胞释放,如巨噬细胞、肿瘤细胞、神经细胞、T细胞等,同时最近研究表明,骨相关细胞,包括破骨细胞、成骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞等细胞也分泌外体[5]。除此之外,在体液如尿液、血液、羊水、恶性腹水、支气管肺泡灌洗液、滑液和母乳中也发现了外泌体[6]。外泌体的形成和传递是由供体细胞的质膜内化产生的内吞小体(Endosomes)开始,然后蛋白质和RNA(包括lncRNA、circRNA、mRNA和miRNA)通过转运所需的内体分选复合物依赖性或内体分选复合物非依赖性机制选择性地被装入多泡体内。随后,多泡体或者融合到溶酶体上进行降解,或者通过与质膜融合释放到细胞外空间以产生外泌体。随后,外泌体通过特异性识别进入受体细胞,将转运物质释放,其具体传递过程见图2[7-8]。外泌体的成分中含有一些根据供体细胞类型而改变的生物活性分子,同时外泌体富含一些来自于分泌细胞的成分,如mRNAs、IncRNAs、circRNAs、脂质、蛋白质、DNA等,它们在信息传递过程中起到了重要作用。 "
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