Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (24): 3894-3901.doi: 10.12307/2021.099

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Effect of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway on osteoblasts under the action of wear particles

Wang Qiufei1, Gu Ye1, Peng Yuqin1, Xue Feng1, Ju Rong1, Zhu Feng2, Wang Yijun2, Geng Dechun2, Xu Yaozeng2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Changshu No. 1 People’s Hospital, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2020-10-14 Revised:2020-10-17 Accepted:2020-11-26 Online:2021-08-28 Published:2021-03-17
  • Contact: Gu Ye, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Changshu No. 1 People’s Hospital, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Wang Qiufei, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Changshu No. 1 People’s Hospital, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Jiangsu Province Youth Medical Key Talents Funding Project, No. QNRC2016751 (to GDC); the Six-One Project Funded Project of Jiangsu Province, No. LQY2016033 (to GDC); the Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Key Diseases in Suzhou, No. LCZX201824 (to XF, GY); the Science and Technology Project of Changshu Health Commission, No. csws201907 (to GY); the Changshu Science and Technology Development Plan Project, No. CS201817 (to GY)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the progress of the mid-term and long-term follow-up study, it is found that the periprosthesis loosening is an important factor that limits the service life of artificial prosthesis and restricts the development of artificial joint replacement.
OBJECTIVE: To further understand the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and provide new targets for drug therapy by analyzing the research results of main signal factors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on osteoblasts and the cell function of osteoblast origin.
METHODS: The first author searched the literature published from 2005 to 2020 by computer with the Chinese key words of “wear debris, peri-prosthetic osteolysis, aseptic loosening, pathogenesis, osteoblast, signaling pathway, bone remodeling, Wnt/β-catenin” in the databases of CNKI, Wanfang and VIP, and with the English key words of “wear debris, wear particles, peri-prosthetic osteolysis, PPO, aseptic loosening, AL, pathogenesis, osteoblast, OB, signal path, bone remodeling, Wnt/β-catenin” in PubMed and Web of Science. The articles regarding the effect and mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin pathway on osteoblasts under the influence of wear particles were collected. Finally, 53 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During the pathological process of wear particle induced osteolysis around implant and aseptic loosening, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways activated by inhibiting bone-forming formation and increasing bone resorption, in turn, affects bone reconstruction, and has played a key role in the pathology of wear particle induced osteolysis around implant and aseptic loosening. (2) In vitro experiments, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were activated by GSK-3β inhibitor LiCl, growth hormone release polypeptide, and protein phosphatase 2A inhibition to promote osteoblast differentiation and osteogenic activity. However, ICG-001 inhibitor blocked the β-catenin signaling pathway, thus weakening the protective effect of LiCl on osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that GSK-3/β-catenin signaling pathway may be an important mechanism mediating Ti wear particles to induce osteolysis around the prosthesis. (3) In vivo experiments, the application of SOST antibody, protein phosphatase 2A inhibition, LiCl, AR28 and other ways through activation of Wnt/β-catenin and other signal pathways can promote bone formation, inhibit osteoclast absorption, increase local bone mass and bone volume, and resist the effect of osteolysis around the prosthesis induced by Ti and other wear particles. (4) At the gene level, the activity and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells were also significantly enhanced under SOST silencing condition, even when treated with titanium particles. On the contrary, the decreased expression level of SOST increased the expression level of β-catenin. The results suggested that the decrease of SOST gene expression could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote bone formation and improve the bone loss caused by Ti particles.

Key words: wear particle, aseptic loosening, peri-prosthetic osteolysis, osteoblast, bone remodeling, Wnt/β-catenin, signaling pathway, review

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