Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9): 1426-1435.doi: 10.12307/2023.904

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Advantages and application strategies of machine learning in diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation

Yu Weijie1, 2, 3, Liu Aifeng1, 2, Chen Jixin1, 2, 3, Guo Tianci1, 2, 3, Jia Yizhen1, 2, 3, Feng Huichuan1, 2, 3, Yang Jialin1, 2, 3   

  1. 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; 2National Clinical Research Center of Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China; 3Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Received:2022-11-25 Accepted:2023-01-18 Online:2024-03-28 Published:2023-07-26
  • Contact: Liu Aifeng, MD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; National Clinical Research Center of Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
  • About author:Yu Weijie, Doctoral candidate, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; National Clinical Research Center of Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Supported by:
    Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project, No. 21KPXMRC00050 (to LAF); Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Appropriate Technology Promotion Project (to LAF)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on different algorithms of machine learning, how to carry out clinical research on lumbar disc herniation with the help of various algorithmic models has become a trend and hot spot in the development of intelligent medicine at present.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics of different algorithmic models of machine learning in the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation, and summarize the respective advantages and application strategies of algorithmic models for the same purpose.
METHODS: The computer searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and China Biomedical (CBM) databases to extract the relevant articles on machine learning in the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Finally, 96 articles were included for analysis.   
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:  (1) Different algorithm models of machine learning provide intelligent and accurate application strategies for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation. (2) Traditional statistical methods and decision trees in supervised learning are simple and efficient in exploring risk factors and establishing diagnostic and prognostic models. Support vector machine is suitable for small data sets with high-dimensional features. As a nonlinear classifier, it can be applied to the recognition, segmentation and classification of normal or degenerative intervertebral discs, and to establish diagnostic and prognostic models. Ensemble learning can make up for the shortcomings of a single model. It has the ability to deal with high-dimensional data and improve the precision and accuracy of clinical prediction models. Artificial neural network improves the learning ability of the model, and can be applied to intervertebral disc recognition, classification and making clinical prediction models. On the basis of the above uses, deep learning can also optimize images and assist surgical operations. It is the most widely used model with the best performance in the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation. The clustering algorithm in unsupervised learning is mainly used for disc segmentation and classification of different herniated segments. However, the clinical application of semi-supervised learning is relatively less. (3) At present, machine learning has certain clinical advantages in the identification and segmentation of lumbar intervertebral discs, classification and grading of the degenerative intervertebral discs, automatic clinical diagnosis and classification, construction of the clinical predictive model and auxiliary operation. (4) In recent years, the research strategy of machine learning has changed to the neural network and deep learning, and the deep learning algorithm with stronger learning ability will be the key to realizing intelligent medical treatment in the future.

Key words: machine learning, lumbar disc herniation, deep learning, artificial intelligence, predictive model, application strategy, review

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