中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1687-1698.doi: 10.12307/2026.060

• 脂肪干细胞 adipose-derived stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

雌雄大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞代谢、增殖、分化及向血管平滑肌细胞分化的差异性

王秋花1,杜孜玮1,王文双2,赵冬梅1,张晓晴1   

  1. 1滨州医学院基础医学院,人体解剖与组织胚胎学教研室,生物材料与组织再生国际合作联合实验室,山东省烟台市   264003;2烟台毓璜顶医院妇科,山东省烟台市   264000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-15 修回日期:2025-05-09 接受日期:2025-05-29 出版日期:2026-03-08 发布日期:2025-08-19
  • 通讯作者: 张晓晴,博士,教授,滨州医学院基础医学院,人体解剖与组织胚胎学教研室,生物材料与组织再生国际合作联合实验室,山东省烟台市 264003 赵冬梅,博士,教授,滨州医学院基础医学院,人体解剖与组织胚胎学教研室,生物材料与组织再生国际合作联合实验室,山东省烟台市 264003
  • 作者简介:王秋花,女,1999年生,山东省德州市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事生物材料与组织再生方面的研究。 共同第一作者:杜孜玮,女,1998年生,山东省临沂市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事生物材料与组织再生方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    泰山学者青年项目(tsqn202103111),项目负责人:张晓晴;山东省自然科学基金青年基金(ZR2021QC034),项目负责人:张晓晴;烟台市省级人才配套资金(1007-10073802),项目负责人:张晓晴;山东省海外高层次人才工作站基金(2023119005),项目负责人:张晓晴

Differences in metabolism, proliferation, differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells between male and female rats 

Wang Qiuhua1, Du Ziwei1, Wang Wenshuang2, Zhao Dongmei1, Zhang Xiaoqing1   

  1. 1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuanding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China 
  • Received:2025-01-15 Revised:2025-05-09 Accepted:2025-05-29 Online:2026-03-08 Published:2025-08-19
  • Contact: Zhang Xiaoqing, MD, Professor, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China; Zhao Dongmei, MD, Professor, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Qiuhua, MS, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China; Du Ziwei, MS, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China Wang Qiuhua and Du Ziwei contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    Taishan Scholar Youth Project, No. tsqn202103111 (to ZXQ); Shandong Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund, No. ZR2021QC034 (to ZXQ); Yantai Province-level Talent Matching Fund, No. 1007-10073802 (to ZXQ); Shandong Overseas High-level Talent Workstation Fund, No. 2023119005 (to ZXQ) 

摘要:

文题释义:

血管平滑肌细胞:是构成血管中膜层的主要细胞,在调控血压和血流分布方面发挥重要的生理作用。与心肌细胞和骨骼肌细胞不同,成熟的血管平滑肌细胞在成体内仍具备一定的可塑性。
脂肪间充质干细胞:是一类来源于中胚层的成体干细胞。与其他类型的干细胞相比,脂肪干细胞具有采集方便、储存量丰富、创伤小、培养扩增简便以及较强的增殖能力等优点,此外,还具有多谱系分化潜能和免疫调控等特点。

摘要
背景:在血管壁结构中,血管平滑肌细胞通过调节血管张力维持压力稳定,确保组织血液供应。血管平滑肌细胞具有高度可塑性,是血管再生的关键细胞类型。然而,成熟的血管平滑肌细胞难以获取且体外扩增能力有限。相比之下,脂肪间充质干细胞易于获取、扩增能力强,并具备向血管平滑肌细胞分化的潜能。目前,雌雄来源脂肪间充质干细胞的代谢活性、增殖、集落形成等生物学特性及向血管平滑肌细胞分化的能力是否存在差异仍需深入研究。
目的:比较雌性和雄性大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞的代谢活性、增殖、分化能力等生物学特征及向血管平滑肌细胞分化潜能的差异。
方法:①分别从雌、雄大鼠腹股沟区获取脂肪组织,采用胶原酶消化法提取脂肪间充质干细胞,通过流式细胞术检测表面抗原(CD90、CD29、CD45),并利用WST-1实验、细胞倍增实验、集落形成实验及成脂、成骨、成软骨分化实验比较雌雄大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞的生物学特征。②用5 ng/mL 转化生长因子β诱导雌雄大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞向血管平滑肌细胞分化,通过qRT-PCR检测α-SMA、SM22α、Calponin、Caldesmon、SMMHC、Smoothelin基因表达,免疫荧光染色检测α-SMA、Caldesmon、Smoothelin蛋白表达,并通过胶原晶格收缩实验评估血管平滑肌细胞的收缩功能。

结果与结论:①原代培养3 d后,显微镜下观察雌性和雄性大鼠脂肪干细胞形态均一,呈纺锤状;②流式细胞术检测大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞高表达CD90、CD29,低表达CD45;③与雄性大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞相比,雌性大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞代谢活性更好(P < 0.05);④雌性和雄性大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞在倍增时间、集落形成、成脂、成骨、成软骨分化能力方面相似;⑤向血管平滑肌细胞诱导分化后,在基因层面,相较于雄性大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞,雌性大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞α-SMA、Caldesmon和SMMHC高表达(P < 0.05);在蛋白层面,相较于雄性大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞,雌性大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞α-SMA高表达(P < 0.05);在收缩功能层面,雌性和雄性大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞在收缩功能上相似。由此可见,在代谢活性和向血管平滑肌细胞分化方面,雌性大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞更有优势。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1656-6676 (王秋花);https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3591-1270 (杜孜玮)  


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 脂肪间充质干细胞, 血管平滑肌细胞, 诱导分化, 雌性, 雄性, 小口径人工血管

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the structure of the vascular wall, vascular smooth muscle cells maintain pressure stability by regulating vascular tension, ensuring blood supply to tissues. Vascular smooth muscle cells exhibit high plasticity and are a critical cell type for vascular regeneration. However, mature vascular smooth muscle cells are difficult to obtain and have limited expansion capacity in vitro. In contrast, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are easily accessible, possess strong expansion capabilities, and have the potential to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells. Currently, whether there are differences in biological characteristics such as metabolic activity, proliferation, colony formation, and the ability to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells between adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells derived from females and males remains to be thoroughly investigated. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in biological characteristics of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from female and male rats in metabolic activity, proliferation, differentiation ability, and differentiation potential into vascular smooth muscle cells.
METHODS: (1) Adipose tissue was harvested from the inguinal region of both female and male rats, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated using collagenase digestion. Surface markers (CD90, CD29, and CD45) were detected by flow cytometry. The biological characteristics of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from both sexes were compared using WST-1 assay, cell doubling assay, colony formation assay, and adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation assays. (2) Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from female and male rats were induced to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells using 5 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β. The expression of α-SMA, SM22α, Calponin, Caldesmon, SMMHC, and Smoothelin mRNAs was detected by qRT-PCR, while the expression of α-SMA, Caldesmon, Smoothelin proteins was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. The contractile function of vascular smooth muscle cells was evaluated using a collagen gel contraction assay.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After 3 days of primary culture, microscopic observation revealed that adipose-derived stem cells from both female and male rats exhibited a uniform, spindle-shaped morphology. (2) Flow cytometry analysis showed that rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells highly expressed CD90 and CD29, while CD45 expression was low. (3) Compared to adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from male rats, female rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated significantly higher metabolic activity (P < 0.05). (4) Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from both sexes showed similar doubling time, colony formation ability, and adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. (5) After induction of differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cell, at the gene level, female rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited significantly higher expression of α-SMA, Caldesmon, and SMMHC compared to male rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.05). At the protein level, female rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells showed significantly higher expression of α-SMA (P < 0.05). However, in terms of contractile function, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from both sexes displayed similar performance. In conclusion, female rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated superior metabolic activity and a greater potential for differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells compared to male rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.  


Key words: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell, vascular smooth muscle cell, induced differentiation, female, male, small diameter artificial blood vessel

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