中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 1064-1072.doi: 10.12307/2025.309

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

机械应力调控血管平滑肌细胞的凋亡

徐  飞1,2,闫金强3,柴守栋4   

  1. 1北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院,北京市  100083;聊城市人民医院,2中心实验室,3病理科,4心外科,山东省聊城市  252000

  • 收稿日期:2024-02-20 接受日期:2024-03-27 出版日期:2025-02-18 发布日期:2024-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 柴守栋,博士,教授,博士生导师,聊城市人民医院心外科,山东省聊城市 252000
  • 作者简介:徐飞,女,1982年生,山东省人,汉族,博士。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(202203010759),项目负责人:徐飞

Mechanical stress regulates apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells 

Xu Fei1, 2, Yan Jinqiang3, Chai Shoudong4      

  1. 1School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; 2Central Laboratory, 3Department of Pathology, 4Department of Cardiac Surgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China 
  • Received:2024-02-20 Accepted:2024-03-27 Online:2025-02-18 Published:2024-06-04
  • Contact: Chai Shoudong, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Xu Fei, MD, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
     Shandong Province Medical and Health Scientific Development Program, No. 202203010759 (to XF)

摘要:




文题释义:
细胞凋亡:是一种程序性细胞死亡的形式,由半胱氨酸蛋白酶家族调节。有2种主要的凋亡途径:外源性和内源性途径,这2种途径可能单独或共同导致细胞凋亡。细胞凋亡的发生表现为细胞的收缩、细胞核的凝结、脱氧核糖核酸的碎片和凋亡小体的形成,这些凋亡小体随后被吞噬细胞或者邻近的细胞识别并清除,整个过程中细胞膜保持完整,因此不会引起机体炎症反应。
机械转导:指细胞在接受包括摩擦力、压力、牵引力、重力和剪切力等机械应力刺激时,将这些刺激信号的机械能转化为电信号或生物化学信号并最终引起细胞生理反应的过程,这种现象在塑造细胞结构和功能方面起着关键作用。

背景:随着生物力学的发展,其在心血管疾病中的研究也日益广泛,通过研究血管的力学特性可以有效地揭示动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄等心血管疾病的发病机制,开发心血管疾病治疗的新思路和新方法。
目的:综述机械应力刺激对血管平滑肌细胞凋亡的研究现状,寻找临床治疗潜在靶分子和信号通路,以期改善临床动脉粥样硬化及再狭窄等心血管疾病的临床治疗效果。
方法:检索1992年1月至2023年5月在中国知网、PubMed及ScienceDirect数据库收录的文献。中文检索词为“血管平滑肌细胞,机械应力,剪切力,牵张力,凋亡”;英文检索词为“vascular smooth muscle cell,mechanical stress,shear stress,stretch stress,apoptosis”,最终纳入63篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①血管平滑肌细胞的生理性和病理性凋亡都是为了适应血管力学变化而发生的适应性重构。不同部位的平滑肌细胞承受不同的力学刺激,其发病机制也不同。②低剪切力、生理剪切力和高剪切力可通过直接与平滑肌细胞表面分子、受体及蛋白等作用调控凋亡信号分子和抑制增殖实现对血管平滑肌细胞凋亡的调控,该部分未对促进增殖的研究进行综述。③低牵张力、生理牵张力和高牵张力可导致平滑肌细胞凋亡,但仍存在争议。平滑肌表面存在多种力学感受分子(如整合素及受体络氨酸激酶等)可以将力学信号转导为细胞内的化学信号(如Hippo通路),启动平滑肌细胞的凋亡信号,调控平滑肌细胞的凋亡。④总之,不同力学刺激通过多种信号分子,启动多个信号通路共同作用,调控平滑肌细胞的凋亡,例如剪切力主要通过刺激分泌前列腺素、转化生长因子等影响Fas/FasL、Akt通路;而牵张力主要通过Yes相关蛋白等调控YAP通路和Notch通路等。这些分子在不同的作用时间,或不同作用强度下可能发挥相反的双向作用,比如,小鼠血管平滑肌细胞受到10%生理牵张1 h时,其增殖增加;然而,人的血管平滑肌细胞牵张12 h后可以减少其增殖。临床可以通过寻找其关键作用时间点干扰力学转导关键分子,达到预防和治疗临床心血管疾病的目的。


关键词: 血管平滑肌细胞, 机械应力, 凋亡, 牵张力, 剪切应力, 整合素, 受体络氨酸激酶, G蛋白偶联受体和G蛋白, 离子通道

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the development of biomechanics, its research into cardiovascular diseases has become more and more extensive. By studying the mechanical properties of blood vessels, the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis can be effectively revealed and new ideas and methods can be developed for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research status of apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by mechanical stress and search for potential target molecules and signaling pathways for clinical treatment, thereby improving the clinical treatment effect on cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis.
METHODS: We searched the literature in CNKI, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases from January 1992 to May 2023. The search terms were “vascular smooth muscle cell, mechanical stress, shear stress, stretch stress, apoptosis” in Chinese and English. Finally, 63 articles were included for review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Physiological and pathological apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells is an adaptive remodeling in response to the changes in vascular mechanics. Vascular smooth muscle cells in different parts have different mechanical stimuli and their pathogenesis is also different. Low shear stress, physiological shear stress and high shear stress directly interact with surface molecules, receptors and proteins of vascular smooth muscle cells to regulate apoptosis-related signaling molecules and inhibit cell proliferation, thus regulating the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. In this part, the research on promoting proliferation is not summarized. Low stretch stress, physiological stretch stress and high stretch stress can all cause apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, but it is still controversial. There are many mechanoreceptors (such as integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases) on the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells, which can transform mechanical signals into intracellular chemical signals (such as the Hippo pathway), activate the apoptosis signals of vascular smooth muscle cells and regulate the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. In short, different mechanical stimuli start a variety of signal pathways and regulate the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells through various signal molecules. For example, shear stress affects Fas/FasL and Akt pathways mainly by stimulating prostaglandin secretion and transforming growth factors. Strech stress mainly regulates the YAP pathway and Notch pathway through Yes-related proteins. At different times or intensities, these molecules may play opposite two-way roles. For example, when mouse vascular smooth muscle cells are stretched at 10% physiological tension for 1 hour, cell proliferation increases. However, the proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells can decrease after 12 hours of stretching. Clinically, the key molecules of mechanical transduction can be disturbed by searching for key molecules that interfere with mechanical transduction at their critical time points of action.

Key words: vascular smooth muscle cell, mechanical stress, apoptosis, stretch stress, shear stress, integrin, receptor tyrosine kinase, G protein-coupled receptors and G proteins, ion channel

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