中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 818-826.doi: 10.12307/2025.223

• 组织工程口腔材料 tissue-engineered oral materials • 上一篇    下一篇

生物可吸收板与微型钛板在不同骨质下颌骨骨折固定中的有限元分析

周宗昊1,罗思阳2,陈佳文2,陈光能2,冯红超1,2   

  1. 1贵州医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省贵阳市  550004;2贵阳市口腔医院,贵州省贵阳市  550000
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-27 接受日期:2024-01-20 出版日期:2025-02-08 发布日期:2024-06-03
  • 通讯作者: 冯红超,博士,教授,主任医师,贵州医科大学口腔医学院,贵州省贵阳市 550004;贵阳市口腔医院,贵州省贵阳市 550000
  • 作者简介:周宗昊,男,1996年生,贵州省贵阳市人,汉族,贵州医科大学在读硕士,主要从事口腔颌面外科临床技能训练及研究。
  • 基金资助:
    1贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2022-431),项目名称:基因重组人生长激素对人牙髓细胞增殖及成骨分化研究,项目负责人:冯红超;2观山湖区科技计划项目(观科合同[2021]01号),项目名称:人工智能技术在口腔颌面医学影像中的应用研究,项目负责人:冯红超

Finite element analysis of bioabsorbable plates versus miniature titanium plates in mandibular fracture fixation in different bone qualities

Zhou Zonghao1, Luo Siyang2, Chen Jiawen2, Chen Guangneng2, Feng Hongchao1, 2   

  1. 1School of Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; 2Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2023-11-27 Accepted:2024-01-20 Online:2025-02-08 Published:2024-06-03
  • Contact: Feng Hongchao, MD, Professor, Chief physician, School of Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Zonghao, Master candidate, School of Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    1Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Provincial Health Commission, No. gzwkj2022-431 (to FHC); 2Science and Technology Plan Project of Guanshanhu District, No. [2021]01 (to FHC)

摘要:


文题释义:

有限元分析法:利用数学近似的方法对真实物理系统进行模拟,利用简单而又相互作用的元素,使用有限数量的未知量去逼近无限未知量的真实系统,是目前力学模型研究较为完善的分析方法,能够计算模型整体及局部的应力大小和位移变化,目前已被广泛应用于颌骨骨折生物力学研究当中。
坚强内固定:是一种外科手术治疗方法,通过在骨骼上安装金属器械来加固骨骼部位,可提升骨折部位的三维稳定性,有效保持骨骼的稳定性,促进骨折愈合。
背景:下颌骨骨折在坚强内固定后的愈合受多种因素影响,包括接骨板的材料、骨折部位以及患者骨密度等,然而,目前对于不同骨质下下颌骨骨折固定稳定性关系的研究相对较少,并且缺乏科学的依据。
目的:利用有限元法分析生物可吸收板和微型钛板固定不同骨质条件下颌骨骨折的稳定性。
方法:根据ZARB和LEKHOLM提出的骨质分类方法,分别建立Ⅰ-Ⅳ类下颌骨骨折三维有限元模型,每类骨质条件下分别模拟下颌骨正中、体部和下颌角3个部位的骨折模型,采用生物可吸收板(或微型钛板)对上述骨折进行内固定,模拟健侧咬合状态,利用有限元分析骨折段的相对位移与内固定物应力分布情况。

结果与结论:①随着骨质等级的增加,内固定物的最大应力值基本呈逐渐增加趋势,微型钛板组、生物可吸收板组下颌体部Ⅳ类骨质下的内固定物最大应力值最高,分别为382.74,96.11 MPa;在相同骨质条件下,钛板组各部位骨折模型的内固定物最大应力值均高于生物可吸收板组。②对于Ⅲ和Ⅳ类下颌骨正中部骨折,微型钛板组、可吸收板固定组骨折断端位移较大,超过了骨愈合极限值(大于150 µm);对于Ⅳ类骨质下颌骨体部骨折,生物可吸收板组骨折断端位移超过了愈合极限值,微型钛板组骨折断端位移接近愈合极限值;在相同骨质条件与骨折部位下,微型钛板组骨折断端位移要小于生物可吸收板组。③结果显示,两种内固定物的强度和刚度均足以支持Ⅰ-Ⅳ类骨质下颌骨3种部位骨折的骨愈合,并且生物可吸收板的固定稳定性与微型钛板几乎相同,可以提供骨折早期的愈合条件。在治疗下颌骨骨折时应将下颌骨骨质类型纳入考虑因素,下颌骨骨质等级越高,骨折固定的稳定性越差,术后更易发生骨愈合不良等并发症。

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8386-2788(周宗昊)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程


关键词: 生物可吸收板, 微型钛板, 三维有限元分析, 下颌骨骨折, 固定方法, 骨质

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The healing of mandibular fractures after rigid internal fixation is influenced by many factors, including the material of the bone plate, fracture site, and bone density of the patient. However, there are relatively few studies on the relationship between the stability of mandibular fracture fixation in different bone qualities and they lack a scientific basis. 
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the stability of fixation of mandibular fractures with different bone qualities with bioabsorbable plates and miniature titanium plates by finite element analysis.
METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models of class I-IV mandibular fractures were developed according to the bone quality classification method proposed by ZARB and LEKHOLM. The fractures at the median mandibular symphysis, mandibular body, and mandibular angle were simulated under different bone qualities. Bioabsorbable bone grafting plates (or miniature titanium plates) were placed at each fracture site for fixation and to simulate the state of healthy side occlusion. Finite element analysis on the model was used to analyze the relative displacement of the fracture segments and the stress distribution of fixators. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The maximum stress value during fixation with titanium plates increased gradually with the increase of bone class, in which the maximum stress value of titanium plates was the highest in the mandibular body class IV bone group, which was 382.74 MPa and 96.11 MPa in the miniature titanium plate and bioabsorbable plate groups. The results for mandibles of the same bone type showed that the maximum stress value of titanium plates was much higher than that of bioabsorbable plates. (2) For fractures of the median middle of the mandible in types III and IV, the displacement of the fracture breaks at the fixation site was large and exceeded the limiting value of bone healing (> 150 µm), regardless of whether the fixation was performed with a miniature titanium plate or a bioabsorbable plate. For type IV mandibular fractures, the fracture end displacement in the bioabsorbable plate group exceeded the healing limit value, and the fracture end displacement in the miniature titanium plate group was close to the healing limit value. Under the same bone quality and fracture site, the fracture displacement of the miniature titanium plate group was smaller than that of the bioabsorbable plate group. (3) The results showed that the strength and stiffness of the two internal fixations were sufficient to support bone healing of fractures at three sites of the types I-IV mandible, and the fixation stability of the bioabsorbable plate was almost the same as that of the miniature titanium plate, which could provide early healing conditions for fractures. Mandibular bone type should be taken into consideration in the treatment of mandibular fracture. The higher the mandibular bone grade, the worse the stability of fracture fixation, and the more likely the complications such as poor bone healing will occur after surgery.

Key words: bioabsorbable plate, miniature titanium plate, three-dimensional finite element analysis, mandibular fracture, fixation method, bone quality

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