中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 2132-2140.doi: 10.12307/2025.260

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

微重力导致骨质疏松的机制

向德剑1,梁晓远1,王胜红1,陈长顺1,田  聪1,闫振兴1,耿  彬2,3,4,夏亚一2,3,4   

  1. 1兰州大学第二临床医学院,甘肃省兰州市  730000;2兰州大学第二医院骨科,甘肃省兰州市  730000;3甘肃省骨科临床研究中心,甘肃省兰州市  730000;4甘肃省智能骨科行业技术中心,甘肃省兰州市  730000
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-01 接受日期:2024-03-05 出版日期:2025-04-08 发布日期:2024-08-23
  • 通讯作者: 夏亚一,博士,教授,主任医师,博士生导师,兰州大学第二医院骨科,甘肃省兰州市 730000;甘肃省骨科临床研究中心,甘肃省兰州市 730000;甘肃省智能骨科行业技术中心,甘肃省兰州市 730000 并列通讯作者:耿彬,博士,副教授,副主任医师,硕士生导师,兰州大学第二医院骨科,甘肃省兰州市 730000;甘肃省骨科临床研究中心,甘肃省兰州市 730000;甘肃省智能骨科行业技术中心,甘肃省兰州市 730000
  • 作者简介:向德剑,男,1995年生,四川省广元市人,汉族,兰州大学在读硕士,主要从事关节外科、运动医学和骨质疏松等研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81960403),项目负责人:耿彬;国家自然科学基金项目(82060405,82360436),项目负责人:夏亚一;甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA943),项目负责人:耿彬;兰州大学第二医院“萃英科技创新”计划(CY2021-MS-A07),
    项目负责人:耿彬

Mechanisms by which microgravity causes osteoporosis

Xiang Dejian1, Liang Xiaoyuan1, Wang Shenghong1, Chen Changshun1, Tian Cong1, Yan Zhenxing1, Geng Bin2, 3, 4, Xia Yayi2, 3, 4    

  1. 1The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; 3Gansu Provincial Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; 4Gansu Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2023-12-01 Accepted:2024-03-05 Online:2025-04-08 Published:2024-08-23
  • Contact: GCorresponding author: Xia Yayi, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; Gansu Provincial Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; Gansu Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China Co-corresponding author: Geng Bin, MD, Associate professor, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; Gansu Provincial Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; Gansu Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • About author:Xiang Dejian, Master candidate, The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81960403 (to GB); National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82060405, 82360436 (to XYY); Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, No. 22JR5RA943 (to GB); Cuiying Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. CY2021-MS-A07 (to GB)

摘要:

文题释义:
微重力:微重力是在太空中或者模拟环境下,个体受到非常小或者接近零的重力效应。在微重力环境下,物体受到的重力加速度远小于1G。
骨质疏松:是由于骨形成和骨吸收失衡导致的骨质流失和骨微结构改变的临床综合征。骨量的流失和骨密度的降低导致患者的骨骼强度和稳定性降低,进而骨折风险增大。

背景:在微重力环境中骨吸收和骨形成的失衡,导致航天员出现严重的骨质流失。现有研究表明,微重力环境下的骨质流失是由多种细胞、组织和系统共同作用的结果。
目的:综述微重力对不同的细胞、组织或系统产生不同的生物学效应,总结微重力导致骨质疏松发生的机制。
方法:在PubMed、Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆数据库检索2000-2023年的相关文献,纳入标准为与微重力导致骨质疏松相关的组织工程研究和基础研究的所有文章,最终对85篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①在微重力环境下,骨髓间充质干细胞更倾向于向成脂细胞分化,减少向成骨细胞分化,而微重力环境中的造血干细胞则更倾向于分化为破骨细胞,减少向红系分化;同时,微重力抑制成骨细胞增殖和分化、促进成骨细胞凋亡、改变细胞形态及降低成骨细胞矿化能力,显著增加破骨细胞数量和活性并且阻碍成骨细胞向骨细胞分化,促进骨细胞的凋亡。②在微重力环境下,人体会出现骨骼肌萎缩、微血管重塑、骨微循环障碍及内分泌紊乱等组织或系统的变化,这些变化会导致骨骼微环境下机械应力卸载,血液灌注不足以及钙循环紊乱等,对骨质疏松的发生产生了重要的影响。③目前,微重力导致骨质疏松的机制较为复杂,通过更深入的研究这些生理机制对于确保航天员在长期太空任务中的健康至关重要,并为预防和治疗骨质疏松症提供了理论依据。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-7700(向德剑);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-4130(夏亚一);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-3645(耿彬)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 微重力, 成骨细胞, 骨形成, 破骨细胞, 骨吸收, 骨质流失, 机械卸载, 骨稳态, 增殖分化, 细胞凋亡

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation in microgravity environments leads to significant bone loss in astronauts. Current research indicates that bone loss under microgravity conditions is the result of the combined effects of various cells, tissues, and systems.
OBJECTIVE: To review different biological effects of microgravity on various cells, tissues, or systems, and summarize the mechanisms by which microgravity leads to the development of osteoporosis.
METHODS: Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database were searched for relevant literature from 2000 to 2023. The inclusion criteria were all articles related to tissue engineering studies and basic research on osteoporosis caused by microgravity. Ultimately, 85 articles were included for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In microgravity environment, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells tend to differentiate more into adipocytes rather than osteoblasts, and hematopoietic stem cells in this environment are more inclined to differentiate into osteoclasts, reducing differentiation into the erythroid lineage. At the same time, microgravity inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, promotes apoptosis of osteoblasts, alters cell morphology, and reduces the mineralization capacity of osteoblasts. Microgravity significantly increases the number and activity of osteoclasts. Microgravity also hinders the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and promotes the apoptosis of osteocytes. (2) In a microgravity environment, the body experiences changes such as skeletal muscle atrophy, microvascular remodeling, bone microcirculation disorders, and endocrine disruption. These changes lead to mechanical unloading in the bone microenvironment, insufficient blood perfusion, and calcium cycle disorders, which significantly impact the development of osteoporosis. (3) At present, the mechanism by which microgravity causes osteoporosis is relatively complex. A deeper study of these physiological mechanisms is crucial to ensuring the health of astronauts during long-term space missions, and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Key words: microgravity, osteoblast, bone formation, osteoclast, bone resorption, bone loss, mechanical unloading, bone homeostasis, proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis

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